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Immune System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Innate Immunity (Nonspecific) | Defenses always active against infection, but lack ability to target specific invaders |
| Adaptive Immunity | Defenses target specific pathogens, slower to act but maintains memory of attackers |
| Leukocyte Production | Bone marrow |
| Where do B-Cells mature? | Bone marrow |
| Where do T-Cells mature? | Thymus |
| Humoral Immunity | Adaptive immunity from B-Cells and production of antibodies |
| Cell-Mediated Immunity | Adaptive immunity form T-Cell and cytotoxic chemicals (granulocytes) |
| Granulocytes | Cells have granules; toxic enzymes and chemicals released in exocytosis |
| What infections are granulocytes most effective against? | Fungal, bacterial, and parasitic |
| Hematopoietic Stem Cells | Precursor to agranulocytes and granulocytes |
| Types of Granulocytes | Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils |
| Types of Agranulocytes | Lymphocytes: monocytes |
| Complement System | A number of proteins in the blood that act as a nonspecific defense against bacteria |
| Types of Complement Pathways | Classical and alternative |
| Classical Pathway | Requires binding of antibody to a pathogen |
| Alternative | Does not require antibodies |
| How do complement proteins destroy bacteria? | Punch holes in cell walls, making them osmotically unstable |
| Interferons | Proteins that prevent viral replication and dispersion; increase antigen presentation MHC |
| Macrophages | Phagocytizes invader through endocytosis, digests invader, and presents the pieces |
| MHC | Binds to pathogenic peptide and presents it on cell surface |
| MHC Class 1 | Any protein produced within the cell can be presented (endogenous pathway) |
| MCH Class 2 | Pick up pathogens from environment and present them (exogenous pathway) |
| Natural Killer Cells | Nonspecific lymphocyte that can detect downregulation of MHC cells and induce apoptosis |
| Neutrophils | Phagocytotic and target bacteria |
| Eosinophils | Allergic reactions and invasive parasitic infections |
| Basophils | Purple granules and allergic reactions |
| Mast Cells | Related to basophils and are in tissues, mucosa, and epithelium |
| What does histamine do in inflammatory responses? | Vasodilation and increased leakiness of blood vessels to allow immune cells to move through body |
Created by:
Meaganissocool
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