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APUSH (EV) CH 23
notable terms and figures from boyer's enduring vision, chapter 23
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ford & General Motors (GM) | Main companies in the automobile industry, with the Model A and Chevrolet lines respectively |
| Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922) and Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1930) | High tariffs that hurt foreign trade and promoted economic nationalism, protecting industrial interests |
| Consumers' Research Bulletin (1929) | Developed by critics of false advertising strategies |
| The Man Nobody Knows | Book by Bruce Barton portraying Jesus as a successful businessman and leader, showing how business values dominated American culture |
| Welfare capitalism | Strategy used by manufacturers to reduce union appeal by providing workers benefits like cafeterias and recreation |
| Warren G. Harding | Senator and later elected President, Republican, died of a heart attack, presidency quite scandalous |
| Andrew Mellon | Treasury Secretary under Harding, advocated for income-tax cuts for the wealthy as it would discourage tax avoidance and promote business investment |
| Herbert Hoover | Secretary of Commerce under Harding and later elected President, Republican, "The Great Engineer" |
| Harry Daugherty | Attorney General under Harding, Harding's political manager, faced trials for corruption but avoided conviction |
| Albert Fall | Secretary of the Interior under Harding, Harding's Senate friend, jailed for leasing government oil reserves for bribes ("Teapot Dome") |
| Charles Forbes | Veterans' Bureau Head under Harding, embezzled funds and fled abroad |
| Calvin Coolidge | Vice President under Harding, later elected President, "Silent Cal", Republican |
| Bruce Barton | Ad executive, managed Coolidge's campaign successfully, used radio for politics |
| Muller v. Oregon (1908, overturned 1923) | Upheld laws limiting women's work hours, overturned by Supreme Court under William Howard Taft |
| Flood Control Act (1928) | Approved by Coolidge to fund levee construction on the Mississippi after flooding |
| McNary-Haugen Bill | Proposed law to stabilize prices by having the government buy and sell abroad surpluses of six key crops at market prices during WWI (high), vetoed by Coolidge |
| Independent internationalism | Republican foreign policy in the 1920's focusing on protecting US economic interests |
| Washington Naval Arms Conferece (1921) | Organized with US, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy, failed to prevent WWII but a significant early arms-control effort |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) | Signed by US, France, and eventually 60 other nations, declaring war illegal as a tool of national policy but no enforcement power |
| Sheppard-Towner Act (1921) | Funded rural prenatal and infant care centers with public-health nurses, criticized by AMA |
| Federal Radio Commission (1927) | Established to regulate the new radio industry |
| William G. McAdoo | Former Treasury Secretary, supported by rural Democrats during the Election of 1924 |
| Alfred E. Smith | Catholic governor of New York, supported by urban Democrats during the Election of 1924 |
| Robert La Follette | Supported by labor and farm alliances, the Socialist Party, and the AFL during the Election of 1924 |
| Women's Joint Congressional Committee | Coalition of activist groups lobbying for child-labor laws, protections for women workers, maternal healthcare, and federal support for education |
| Oscar de Priest | First Black congressman since Reconstruction |
| National Conference on Outdoor Recreation (1924) | By Herbert Hoover as Commerce Secretary, to find a balance between conservation and new leisure travel |
| Izaak Walton League | Successfully lobbied Congress to preserve wetlands on the upper Mississippi as a wildlife sanctuary instead of drained for development |
| Sunday Evening Post & Reader's Digest | Mass-circulation magazines that gained widespread popularity |
| NBC & CBS | First radio networks |
| Babe Ruth & Ty Cobb | Baseball figures who became national celebrities |
| Jack Dempsey & Gene Tunney | Boxers with iconic nicknames but major character flaws |
| Charles Lindbergh | Flew solo from New York to Paris, becoming a national icon |
| The Jazz Age | Post-WWI period in which youth, especially from affluent backgrounds, rebelled against traditional middle-class values, partly exaggerated by journalists and the media |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald | Writer, key figure of the Jazz Age |
| Flapper | Symbol of a stylish, fun-loving women who rejected traditional roles |
| This Side of Paradise (1920) | Fitzgerald novel romanticizing affluent, rebellious postwar youth, inspired similar works |
| Sinclair Lewis | Criticized emptiness of small town and middle class life in Main Street (1920) and Babbitt (1922) |
| American Mercury | Magazine launched by H.L Mencken that attracted alienated intellectuals and students that mocked politicians, small-town culture, Protestant fundamentalists, etc. |
| Ernest Hemingway | Wounded as a solider in WWI, wrote The Sun Also Rises (1926) and A Farewell to Arms (1929) |
| The Great Gatsby (1925) | Fitzgerald novel portraying the decadence of the wealthy but also exposing their shallow, selfish nature |
| Thomas Hart Benton | Painted scenes of historical Americana, like pioneers and riverboat gamblers |
| Edward Hopper | Sunday (1926), captured isolation of modern life |
| Charles Sheeler | Artist who found beauty in industrial settings |
| Joseph Stella | The Bridge (1926), painted abstract images representing the energy of New York |
| Georgia O'Keeffe | Painted urban scenes conveying NYC's magical appeal |
| Ruth Crawford Seeger | Composer who arranged American folk songs for American Song-bag (1927) |
| Original Dixieland Jass Band | White musical group imitating Black musicians who popularized jazz |
| George Gershwin | Composer incorporating jazz into works like Rhapsody in Blue (1924) and An American in Paris (1928) |
| Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, & Fletcher Henderson | Black musicians who performed jazz |
| William Grant Still | Mississippi-born composer, Afro American Symphony (1931) |
| Shuffle Along (1921) | Successful all-Black Broadway musical |
| Oscar Micheaux | Filmmaker who made films centered on Black stories and actors |
| Paul Robeson | Multitalented Black performer |
| Langston Hughes | The Weary Blues (1926), blended African themes and southern Black traditions in poetry |
| Claude McKay | Home to Harlem (1928), Jamaican-born writer who depicted the vibrance and danger of Harlem nightlife |
| Jean Toomer | Cane (1923), mixed poetry, drama, and short fiction to portray the rural Black South |
| Nella Larsen | Quicksand (1928), novel exploring the identity struggles of a biracial woman |
| Alain Locke | Howard University philosophy professor, The New Negro (1925), a collection of Harlem's artistic achievements |
| Hallelujah (1929) | Film with an all-Black cast romanticizing plantation life and urban danger |
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