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Respiratory system

histological overview of the respiratory systems

QuestionAnswer
What is the process by which oxygen is delivered and carbon dioxide is removed? Gas exchange.
What term describes the movement of air to and from the lungs? Ventilation mechanism.
What is the airway pathway that leads to the lungs, including the nasal cavity? Conducting portion.
Which part of the lungs serves as the site for gas exchange? Respiratory portion.
What is the initial site for air conditioning and filtration in the respiratory system? Nasal cavity.
Which muscles between the ribs assist in ventilation? Intercostal muscles.
What muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities? Diaphragm
What lines the respiratory tract and consists of ciliated cells? Respiratory epithelium.
What are the most abundant cell types in respiratory epithelium? Ciliated columnar cells.
Which cells in the respiratory epithelium secrete mucus? Goblet cells.
What are chemosensory receptor cells with microvilli called? Brush cells.
Which stem cells regenerate other cell types in the respiratory epithelium? Basal cells.
What type of neuroendocrine system cells are found in the respiratory tract? Small granule cells.
Which part of the pharynx is lined by stratified squamous epithelium? Oropharynx
What is the flap that prevents food from entering the trachea? Epiglottis
What are the air passages that lead to alveolar sacs? Alveolar ducts.
What are clusters of alveoli that facilitate gas exchange? Alveolar sacs.
What are the smallest airways leading to alveolar ducts? Respiratory bronchioles.
What type of epithelium is found in the upper respiratory tract? Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
What traps particles and humidifies inspired air in the respiratory system? Mucous function.
How is airway openness maintained in the respiratory system? By cartilage or bone (patency of tubes).
Which structure provides a large surface area for warming and moistening air? Nasal cavity.
What are air-filled spaces that lighten the skull and resonate sound? Paranasal sinuses.
What type of ciliated epithelium lines the respiratory tract? Respiratory epithelium.
What connective tissue in the nasal cavity contains blood vessels? Lamina propria.
What specialized tissue detects smells in the nasal cavity? Olfactory epithelium.
Which bipolar neurons have long cilia for odor detection? Olfactory neurons.
What cylindrical cells with microvilli support olfactory neurons? Supporting cells.
Which stem cells regenerate olfactory epithelium every two months? Basal cells.
What serous gland secretes fluid to dissolve odors for detection? Olfactory (Bowman’s) gland.
What is a rigid tube about 10-12 cm long and 2-3 cm in diameter that conducts air to the lungs? Trachea
What is the inner layer of the trachea lined with respiratory epithelium? Mucosa
What forms 15-20 incomplete rings to keep the trachea open? Hyaline cartilage.
Which smooth muscle bridges the open posterior part of the trachea? Trachealis muscle.
What is the outer layer of the trachea containing blood vessels and connective tissue? Adventitia
What branches from the trachea into progressively smaller airways, starting with primary bronchi? Bronchial tree.
What is the first division of the trachea into right and left branches called? Primary bronchus.
How does the right bronchus divide compared to the left bronchus? The right divides into three lobar bronchi, and the left into two.
What are small air passages that branch off from bronchi and lack cartilage support? Bronchioles
Which mucus-producing cells are reduced in number as airways become smaller? Goblet cells.
What increases in smaller bronchi to provide flexibility during breathing? Elastic fibers.
Which thin cells in alveoli facilitate gas exchange? Type I alveolar cells.
Which cuboidal cells secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension in alveoli? Type II alveolar cells.
Created by: tunbridgeerin
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