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Circulatory system
how tissues affectsthe parts and function of the cardiovascular system and
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What components make up the cardiovascular system? | The heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins. |
| What is the function of pulmonary circulation? | It carries blood from the heart to the lungs. |
| What does systemic circulation do? | It distributes blood to body tissues. |
| What is the role of the lymphatic system? | It returns tissue fluid to blood circulation. |
| What is the function of endothelium in blood vessels? | It lines internal surfaces and regulates exchange. |
| What supports endothelial cells in blood vessels? | The basal lamina, a thin layer. |
| How does selective permeability function in blood vessels? | It controls substance exchange between blood and tissues. |
| What does antithrombogenic mean? | It inhibits blood clot formation. |
| How does the endothelium assist white blood cells? | By facilitating their movement. |
| What are paracrine factors, and where are they secreted? | They are local signaling molecules secreted by the endothelium. |
| What is the primary function of the heart? | To propel blood through tissues. |
| What is the innermost layer of the heart called, and what does it include? | The endocardium, which includes endothelial cells. |
| Which layer of the heart contains cardiac muscle tissue? | The myocardium, the thickest layer. |
| What is the outer layer of the heart called, and what does it contain? | The epicardium, which contains blood vessels and nerves. |
| What surrounds the heart as a double-layered membrane? | The pericardium. |
| Where is the pericardial cavity located? | Between the epicardium and pericardium. |
| What is the purpose of heart valves? | To prevent backflow and ensure correct blood flow. |
| Where are atrioventricular valves located? | Between atria and ventricles. |
| What anchors heart valves in place? | Connective tissue called chordae tendineae |
| How are heartbeats regulated electrically? | Through impulse conduction signals. |
| What is the inner layer of blood vessels called, and what does it consist of? | The tunica intima, which consists of endothelial cells. |
| What makes up the middle layer of blood vessels and name the layer? | Smooth muscle and elastic fibers - Tunica Media. |
| What is the outer layer of blood vessels composed of and whats the name of the layer? | Connective tissue - Tunica Adventitia |
| What are vasa vasorum, and what is their function? | Small vessels that supply larger blood vessels. |
| What are elastic arteries, and can you name examples? | The largest arteries, such as the aorta and pulmonary artery. |
| What is the inner layer of blood vessels, and what does it include? | The intima, which includes the endothelium - simple sqaumous |
| Which layer is thickest in elastic arteries? | The media. |
| What is the outermost layer of blood vessels called? | The adventitia, made of connective tissue. |
| What are elastic lamellae in arteries? | Concentric layers of elastic tissue. |
| What happens during systole in the heart? | The heart contracts, ejecting blood. |
| What occurs during diastole in the heart? | The heart relaxes, and chambers fill with blood. |
| What are muscular arteries, and what is their role? | Medium-sized arteries that distribute blood to tissues. |
| Where is the external elastic lamina found, and what does it consist of? | In muscular arteries; it consists of elastic tissue |
| What are arterioles, and what do they regulate? | The smallest arteries that regulate blood flow to capillaries. |
| What connects arterioles to capillary beds? | Metarterioles |
| What are capillaries, and what occurs there? | The smallest blood vessels where exchange takes place. |
| What cell surrounds capillaries and aids in repair? | Pericytes |
| Where are continuous capillaries found, and what characterizes them? | Found in most tissues; they have an unbroken endothelial layer. |
| How do pinocytic vesicles function in capillaries? | They transport materials across capillary walls. |
| What does microvasculature consist of? | A network of small blood vessels, including capillaries. |
| What is blood pressure? | The force exerted by circulating blood on vessel walls. |
| What happens during vasoconstriction? | Blood vessels narrow, reducing blood flow. |
| How does vasodilation affect blood flow? | Blood vessels widen, increasing blood flow |
| What occurs during metabolic exchange in tissues? | Transfer of substances between blood and tissues. |
| What characterizes continuous capillaries? | They have an unbroken endothelial sheet with occluding junctions. |
| How do fenestrated capillaries facilitate fluid exchange? | They have pores (fenestrae) approximately 80 nm wide. |
| Where are sinusoids found, and what makes them unique? | Found in certain organs; they have a discontinuous endothelial layer allowing free movement of materials. |
| What are fenestrae in capillaries? | Intracellular pores that may be open or closed. |
| What covers fenestrae in some capillaries? | A thin membrane called a diaphragm. |
| What percentage of blood volume do venules carry? | Approximately 70%. |
| How do veins differ structurally from arteries? | They have a large lumen, thin walls, and prevent backflow. |
| How do valves in veins function? | They prevent backflow by infolding the intima. |
| What is the function of lymphatic vessels? | To return tissue fluid to the bloodstream. |
| How are lymphatic capillaries structured for fluid intake? | They are blind-ended tubes with openings between endothelial cells. |
| Where does the thoracic duct drain lymph? | Into the left subclavian vein. |
| Where does the right lymphatic duct drain lymph? | Into the right internal jugular vein. |
| Which muscle type enables heart pumping? | Cardiac muscle with a single nucleus per cell. |
| Which layer forms the outer surface of the heart wall? | The epicardium. |
| Which heart layer contains cardiac muscle tissue? | The myocardium (middle layer). |
Created by:
tunbridgeerin
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