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STAAR REVIEW VOCAB
8TH GRADE US HISTORY VOCABULARY
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| agriculture | n. The practice of cultivating the land or raising stock |
| antitrust | adj. relating to laws that prevent unfair business practices |
| capital | n. assets available for use in the production of further assets |
| capitalism | n. an economic system based on private ownership of assets |
| commerce | n. transaction supplying goods and services |
| competition | n. business relation in which two parties vie to gain customers |
| consumer | n. a person who uses goods or services |
| deficit | n. an excess of liabilities over assets (owing or being in debt) |
| deflation | n. a reduction of economic activity that results in lower prices |
| demand | n. the ability and desire to purchase goods and services |
| deportation | n. the expulsion of a non-citizen from a country |
| depression | n. a long-term economic state with unemployment and low prices |
| economics | n. science dealing with the circulation of goods and services |
| embargo | n. a government order imposing trade barrier |
| entrepreneur | n. someone who organizes a business venture |
| exploration | n. travel for the purpose of discovery |
| export | v. sell or transfer abroad |
| inflation | n. a general and progressive increase in prices |
| innovation | n. a creation resulting from study and experimentation |
| laissez faire | n. a doctrine that government should not interfere in commerce |
| manufacture | v. create or produce in a mechanical way |
| monopoly | n. a market in which there are many buyers but only one seller |
| prosperity | n. a state of growth with rising profits and full employment |
| quoata | n. a prescribed number |
| recession | n. a situation in which the state of the economy declines |
| repatriation | n. the act of returning to one's country of origin |
| speculation | n. an investment that is risky but could yield great profits |
| stock | n. capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares |
| supply | n. an amount of something available for use |
| surplus | n. a quantity much larger than is needed |
| tariff | n. a government tax on imports or exports |
| technology | n. the practical application of science and commerce or industry |
| trade | n. the commercial exchange of goods and services |
| transcontinental | adj. spanning on of the large landmasses of the earth |
| employment | n. the state of having a job |
| union | n. an employee organization that bargains with an employer |
| adaptation | n. the process of adjusting or conforming to new conditions |
| assimilation | n. the process of absorbing one cultural group into another |
| border | n. a line that indicates a boundary |
| canal | n. long and narrow strip of water for boats or for irrigation |
| climate | n. the weather in some location averaged over a period of time |
| culture | n. all the knowledge and values shared by a society |
| demographic | n. a statistic characterizing human populations |
| diffusion | n. the act of dispersing something |
| district | n. a region marked off for administrative or other purposes |
| endangered | adj. in imminent threat of extinction |
| environment | n. the totality of surrounding conditions |
| federal | adj. of a government with central and regional authorities |
| gerrymander | v. divide voting districts unfairly and to one's advantage |
| gulf | n. an arm of a sea or ocean partly enclosed by land |
| immigration | n. movement of people into a country or area |
| infrastructure | n. basic facilities needed for the functioning of a country |
| levee | n. an embankment built to prevent a river from overflowing |
| media | n. systems of mass communications considered collectively |
| migration | n. the movement of persons from one locality to another |
| pollution | n. contamination of the natural environment |
| population | n. the number of inhabitants in a given place |
| prairie | n. a treeless grassy plain |
| renaissance | n. a period of renewed activity and prominence |
| rural | adj. of or relating to the countryside as opposed to the city |
| settlement | n. a community of people smaller than a town |
| suburban | adj. relating to or characteristic of or situated in suburbs |
| sustainable | adj. using methods that do not cause harm to the environment |
| territory | n. a region marked off for administrative or other purposes |
| tributary | n. a branch that flows into the main stream |
| urban | adj. relating to a city or densely populated area |
| armistice | n. a state of peace agreed to between opponents |
| assassination | n. murder of a public figure by surprise attack |
| boycott | n. refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization |
| coalition | n. an organization of people involved in a pact or treaty |
| cold war | n. a state of political hostility between countries |
| communism | n. a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership |
| conservative | adj. having social or political views favoring the right wing |
| containment | n. political strategy to check the expansion of a hostile power |
| desegregation | n. incorporation of a formerly excluded group into a community |
| detente | n. the easing of tensions or strained relations |
| discrimination | n. unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice |
| domino theory | n. idea that communist nations will convert neighboring nations |
| draft | n. compulsory military service |
| escalation | n. an increase or intensification |
| globalization | n. growth to a worldwide scale |
| hostage | n. a prisoner held to insure that another party will meet terms |
| impeach | v. charge with an offense committed while in office |
| integration | n. incorporating a racial or religious group into a community |
| intervention | n. policy of getting involved in the affairs of other countries |
| liberal | adj. having political views favoring reform and progress |
| mandate | n. a formal statement of a command to do something |
| minority | n. a group of people who differ from a larger group |
| nonviolence | n. peaceful resistance to a government |
| premier | n. the person who is head of state |
| satellite | n. man-made equipment that orbits around the earth or the moon |
| segregation | n. a social system that provides different facilities for minority groups |
| stalemate | n. a situation in which no progress can be made |
| status quo | n. the existing state of affairs |
| superpower | n. a country that can influence events throughout the world |
| terrorism | n. the use of violence against civilians for ideological goals |
| citizen | n. a native or naturalized member of a state |
| congress | n. a national legislative assembly |
| constitution | n. law determining the fundamental principles of a government |
| constitutional | adj. sanctioned by or consistent with or operating under the law |
| dissent | n. the difference of one judge's opinion from the majority |
| executive | adj. having the function of carrying out plans or orders |
| filibuster | n. a tactic for delaying legislation by making long speeches |
| impeach | v. charge with an offense committed while in office |
| judicial | adj. relating to the administration of justice |
| jury | n. a body of citizens sworn to give a verdict in a court of law |
| legislation | n. law enacted by an assembly |
| legislative | adj. relating to a lawmaking assembly |
| legislature | n. an assembly that makes, amends, or repeals laws |
| litigation | n. a legal proceeding in a court |
| representative | n. a member of the lower body of the United States Congress |
| republic | n. a political system in which power lies in a body of citizens |
| right | n. an abstract idea of that which is due by law or nature |
| senator | n. a member of a legislative assembly |
| treaty | n. a written agreement between two states or sovereigns |
| veto | v. vote against; refuse to endorse; refuse to assent |
| armistice | n. a state of peace agreed to between opponents |
| assassination | n. murder of a public figure by surprise attack |
| boycott | n. refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization |
| coalition | n. an organization of people involved in a pact or treaty |
| cold war | n. a state of political hostility between countries |
| communism | n. a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership |
| conservative | adj. having social or political views favoring the right wing |
| containment | n. political strategy to check the expansion of a hostile power |
| desegregation | n. incorporation of a formerly excluded group into a communitydiscrimination |
| domino theory | n. idea that communist nations will convert neighboring nations |
| draft | n. compulsory military service |
| escalation | n. an increase or intensification |
| globalization | n. growth to a worldwide scale |
| hostage | n. a prisoner held to insure that another party will meet terms |
| impeach | v. charge with an offense committed while in office |
| integration | n. incorporating a racial or religious group into a community |
| intervention | n. policy of getting involved in the affairs of other countries |
| liberal | adj. having political views favoring reform and progress |
| mandate | n. a formal statement of a command to do something |
| minority | n. a group of people who differ from a larger group |
| nonviolence | n. peaceful resistance to a government |
| premier | n. the person who is head of state |
| satellite | n. man-made equipment that orbits around the earth or the moon |
| segregation | n. a social system that provides different facilities for minority groups |
| stalemate | n. a situation in which no progress can be made |
| status quo | n. the existing state of affairs |
| superpower | n. a country that can influence events throughout the world |
| terrorism | n. the use of violence against civilians for ideological goals |
| ally | n. a friendly nation |
| appeasement | n. a policy of pacifying an enemy by making concessions |
| atomic | adj. deriving destructive energy from a nuclear reaction |
| axis | n. a group of countries in special alliance |
| blitzkrieg | n. a military offensive with intensive aerial bombardment |
| dictator | n. a ruler who is unconstrained by law |
| fascism | n. a political theory advocating an authoritarian government |
| fascist | adj. relating to authoritarian hierarchical government |
| genocide | n. systematic killing of a racial or cultural group |
| holocaust | n. an act of mass destruction and loss of life |
| infamy | n. evil fame or public reputation |
| internment | n. confinement during wartime |
| isolationism | n. a policy of nonparticipation in international relations |
| mobilization | n. the act of assembling and putting into readiness for war |
| nuclear | adj. deriving destructive energy from releasing atomic energy |
| patriotism | n. love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it |
| persecution | n. causing someone to suffer |
| prime minister | n. head of government, especially of a parliamentary democracy |
| ration | v. restrict the consumption of a relatively scarce commodity |
| treaty | n. a written agreement between two states or sovereigns |
| depression | n. a long-term economic state with unemployment and low prices |
| expansionism | n. the doctrine of extending the territory of a country |
| foreclosure | n. proceedings initiated to repossess the collateral for a loan |
| front | n. the line along which opposing armies face each other |
| immigrant | n. a person who comes to a country in order to settle there |
| industrialization | n. the development of commercial enterprise |
| initiative | n. a new strategy or plan to solve a problem or improve a situation |
| isolationism | n. a policy of nonparticipation in international relations |
| machine | n. a group that controls the activities of a political party |
| missionary | n. someone sent to a foreign country to spread a religion |
| muckraker | n. one who spreads real or alleged scandal about another |
| neutrality | n. nonparticipation in a dispute or war |
| pandemic | n. an outbreak of disease that is geographically widespread |
| philanthropy | n. the act of donating money or time to promote human welfare |
| populism | n. political doctrine that supports the rights of common people |
| prohibition | n. when the sale of alcoholic beverages was banned in the U.S. |
| propaganda | n. information that is spread to promote some cause |
| recall | n. the act of removing an official by petition |
| referendum | n. a legislative act referred for approval to a popular vote |
| reform | v. make changes for improvement to remove abuse and injustices |
| speculation | n. an investment that is risky but could yield great profits |
| stalemate | n. a situation in which no progress can be made |
| stock | n. capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares |
| suffrage | n. a legal right to vote |
| tenement | n. a run-down apartment house barely meeting minimal standards |
| territory | n. a region marked off for administrative or other purposes |
| treaty | n. a written agreement between two states or sovereigns |
| trench | n. a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of earth |
| union | n. an employee organization that bargains with an employer |
| urbanization | n. the social process whereby cities grow |
| colony | n. a geographical area controlled by a distant country |
| subject | n. a person who owes allegiance to a nation |
| export | v. sell or transfer abroad |
| mercantilism | n. a system of increasing wealth through colonization and trade |
| indenture | v. bind by a contract for work, as an apprentice or servant |
| plantation | n. an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale |
| port | n. where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country |
| taxation | n. charge against a citizen's person or property or activity |
| representation | n. the right to have delegates in some legislative body |
| delegate | n. a person appointed or elected to represent others |
| tyranny | n. government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator |
| revolution | n. the overthrow of a government by those who are governed |
| congress | n. a formal meeting, especially of representatives |
| confederation | n. the act of forming an alliance |
| ratify | v. approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation |
| constitution | n. law determining the fundamental principles of a government |
| amendment | n. a statement that is added to a proposal or document |
| sovereignty | n. government free from external control |
| republicanism | n. belief in government by the people's elected representatives |
| federalism | n. government divided between central and regional powers |
| concurrent | adj. occurring or operating at the same time |
| tariff | n. a government tax on imports or exports |
| sedition | n. an illegal action inciting resistance to lawful authority |
| abolition | n. doing away with a system or practice or institution |
| secession | n. formal separation from an alliance or federation |
| emancipation | n. freeing someone from the control of another |
| assassination | n. murder of a public figure by surprise attack |
| due process | n. administration of justice according to rules and principlessharecropper |
| transcontinental | adj. spanning one of the large landmasses of the earth |
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