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History Test 2
Test 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Wahhabism | Wahhabism, also known as Al-Wahhābīyya, is a conservative form of Sunni Islam, originating in the 18th century with Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, that emphasizes a "return to the pure, original teachings of the Qur'an and the Hadith". |
| Usman Dan Fodio | a Fulani scholar, Islamic religious teacher, poet, revolutionary and a philosopher who founded the Sokoto Caliphate and ruled as its first caliph. |
| Prophet | a person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God. "the Old Testament prophet, Jeremiah" |
| Taiping Rebellion in China | a major civil war in China, a revolt against the Qing dynasty, led by Hong Xiuquan, who declared himself the younger brother of Jesus Christ, and resulted in an estimated 20 to 30 million deaths. |
| Mfecane in South Africa | meaning "the crushing" in Nguni, was a period of heightened military conflict and migration in Southern Africa, primarily during the 1820s and 1830s, driven by the rise of the Zulu kingdom under Shaka. |
| The Sepoy Rebellion | a widespread uprising against British rule in India, sparked by the introduction of rifle cartridges greased with animal fat. |
| Nationalism | Nationalism is an idea or movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. |
| Imperialism | a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. "the struggle against imperialism" |
| Nation State | a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent. |
| Manifest Destiny | the belief that the United States was divinely ordained to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent, justifying westward expansion and displacement of indigenous populations. |
| Brazil Imperialism | Colonized by Portugal |
| Charles Darwin | a British scientist and naturalist who is best known for his theory of evolution by natural selection. His 1859 book On the Origin of Species |
| Social Darwinism | a set of ideas that use Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to justify economic, political, and social views |
| Causes of WW1 | militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism, with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand serving as the immediate trigger. |
| Central Powers | the alliance of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria, |
| Allied Powers | Great Britain, France, Russia (initially), and later, Italy, Japan, and the United States. |
| Trench Warfare | involved opposing sides digging elaborate networks of trenches for protection and defense, leading to a prolonged stalemate and horrific conditions for soldiers. |
| Treaty of Versailles | ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers, imposing harsh terms on Germany, including territorial losses, disarmament, and reparations, and ultimately contributing to instability and resentment that fueled future conflicts. |
| Russian Revolution | period of intense political and social upheaval in 1917, saw the overthrow of the Tsarist regime and the establishment of a communist government led by the Bolsheviks, ultimately leading to the creation of the Soviet Union. |
| Sykes Picot Agreement | a secret pact between Britain and France, with Russia's assent, during World War I, dividing the Ottoman Empire's territories into British and French spheres of influence after the war. |
| The Great Depression | a severe global economic downturn, began with the 1929 stock market crash and lasted until the start of World War II in 1939, characterized by high unemployment, poverty, and widespread bank failures. |
| Joseph Stalin | a Soviet politician, revolutionary and political theorist who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. |
| Italian Fascism | sought to forge a strong Italian Empire as a Third Rome, identifying ancient Rome as the First Rome and Renaissance-era Italy as the Second Rome. |
| Nazis | a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945, known for their ideology of Nazism, which led to the Holocaust and World War II. |
| Adolf Hitler | the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and then taking the title of Führer und Reichskanzler in 1934. |
| Sokoto Caliphate | a Sunni Muslim caliphate in West Africa, founded by Usman dan Fodio in 1804, that emerged from the Fulani jihads and lasted until the British conquest in 1903. |
| What caused the Taiping Rebellion | widespread poverty, social unrest, ethnic tensions, and the influence of Christian missionary ideas, along with economic hardship and corruption within the Qing government. |
| Christian beliefs during Taiping Rebellion | God Worshipping, which held that Hong Xiuquan was the younger brother of Jesus and the second son of Shangdi. |
| Who was Hong Xiuquan | a Chinese revolutionary and religious leader who led the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing dynasty. Thought to be the brother of Jesus |
| Restoration period in europe 1815-1848 | followed Napoleon's defeat and aimed to restore pre-revolutionary monarchies and political structures, but ultimately faced challenges from rising nationalism and liberalism, culminating in the Revolutions of 1848. |
| Liberalism during restoration period | Liberalism, with its emphasis on individual rights, constitutionalism, and representative government, gained traction among the educated middle classes and challenged the authority of the restored monarchies. |
| What caused sepoy rebellion | the introduction of new rifle cartridges rumored to be greased with animal fat, religious and cultural grievances, and British policies that threatened Indian rulers and their traditional way of life. |
| Limited liability joint stock companies | During US imperialism, limited liability joint-stock companies, like corporations today, played a crucial role in facilitating large-scale business ventures and overseas expansion by allowing investors to pool capital and limit personal risk. |
| colonization of africa | the invasion and conquest of Africa by European powers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This period is known as the "Scramble for Africa". |
| Resistance to colonization of africa | military battles and rebellions to economic boycotts and religious movements |
| Japanese imperialism | the expansion of Japan's influence and territory from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until Japan's surrender in World War II in 1945. |
| Meiji restoration | a political coup in Japan in 1868 that overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate. The Restoration led to a period of rapid modernization and social change in Japan. |
| Sino Japenese war | a conflict between the Qing Dynasty of China and the Empire of Japan primarily over influence in Korea, resulting in a decisive Japanese victory and the Treaty of Shimonoseki. |
| Anglo Boer War | a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer republics (the South African Republic and the Orange Free State) in South Africa, primarily from 1899 to 1902. |
| The boxer uprising | an anti-foreign, anti-Christian uprising in China that began in 1899 and culminated in the siege of the foreign legations in Beijing in 1900 |
| What were the boleshevicks | a radical faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, led by Vladimir Lenin |
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Sbacha23
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