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Test 2 Review
For HIST 2112
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Franz Ferdinand | Archduke of Austria-Hungary whose assassination in 1914 sparked World War I. |
| Lusitania | British ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, killing 128 Americans and escalating tensions between the U.S. and Germany. |
| Zimmerman Telegram | Secret German message proposing a military alliance with Mexico against the U.S., contributing to America’s entry into WWI. |
| Committee on Public Information | U.S. government agency that used propaganda to promote support for World War I. |
| Espionage(1917) and Sedition(1918) Acts | Law that punished actions considered harmful to the U.S. war effort, such as spying or interfering with the draft. Sedition: Extension of the Espionage Act that criminalized speech critical of the U.S. government or war effort. |
| Fourteen Points | President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for post-WWI peace, including self-determination and the creation of the League of Nations. |
| League of Nations | International organization formed after WWI to prevent future conflicts; the U.S. did not join. |
| Article X | Clause in the League of Nations covenant requiring members to defend other nations, which led to U.S. opposition. |
| First Red Scare | Wave of anti-communist fear in the U.S. after WWI, leading to crackdowns on suspected radicals. |
| Spanish Influenza | 1918-1919: Deadly global flu pandemic that killed millions, including about 675,000 Americans. |
| Model T | Affordable car produced by Henry Ford, revolutionizing transportation and manufacturing with the assembly line. |
| Harlem Renaissance | Cultural movement centered in Harlem, celebrating African American art, literature, and music in the 1920s. |
| National Association of Colored People (NAACP) | Civil rights organization founded in 1909 to fight racial discrimination and promote equality. |
| Garveyism/Negro Nationalism | Movement led by Marcus Garvey promoting Black pride, economic self-sufficiency, and the idea of returning to Africa. |
| Flappers | Young women in the 1920s who embraced new fashions and attitudes, challenging traditional gender norms. |
| Great Migration | Movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities for jobs and to escape racial violence. |
| Nativism | Anti-immigrant sentiment favoring native-born citizens, rising sharply in the 1920s. |
| National Origins Act (Immigration Act of 1924) | Law that severely restricted immigration by establishing quotas, favoring Northern Europeans. |
| Sacco and Vanzetti Trial | Controversial case in which two Italian anarchists were convicted of robbery and murder, reflecting anti-immigrant bias. |
| Scopes Trial | 1925-Trial of teacher John Scopes for teaching evolution in Tennessee, highlighting the conflict between science and religion. |
| Prohibition | 1920-33: Nationwide ban on alcohol, enacted by the 18th Amendment and enforced by the Volstead Act. |
| Black Tuesday | October 29,1929: Day the stock market crashed, marking the start of the Great Depression. |
| Hoovervilles | Shantytowns built by homeless people during the Great Depression, named after President Hoover, whom many blamed for the crisis. |
| Bonus Army | 1932: Group of WWI veterans who marched on Washington to demand early payment of promised bonuses, leading to a violent crackdown. |
| New Deal | Series of programs and reforms implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the Great Depression. |
| Emergency Banking Act | 1933: Law that closed failing banks and reorganized the banking system to restore public confidence. |
| National Recovery Administration (NRA) | New Deal agency that regulated industry to stimulate economic recovery, later declared unconstitutional. |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | New Deal program that provided electricity, flood control, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley. |
| Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | New Deal program that provided jobs to young men in conservation projects like planting trees and building parks. |
| Social Security Act | 1935: Law that established a system of pensions for the elderly, unemployment insurance, and aid to the disabled. |
| Works Progress Administration (WPA) | New Deal agency that created jobs through public works projects like building roads, bridges, and public buildings. |
| Huey Long | Louisiana politician who advocated for wealth redistribution through his "Share Our Wealth" program. |
| Father Coughlin | Radio priest who initially supported the New Deal but later became a vocal critic, spreading anti-Semitic and fascist views. |
| Court Packing Plan | 1937: FDR’s controversial proposal to expand the Supreme Court, seen as an attempt to pass more New Deal legislation. |
| America First Committee | Isolationist group opposing U.S. involvement in WWII before the Pearl Harbor attack. |
| Neutrality Acts | Series of laws aimed at keeping the U.S. out of foreign conflicts by restricting arms sales and loans to warring nations. |
| Lend-Lease Act | 1941: Allowed the U.S. to supply Allied nations with war materials while remaining officially neutral. |
| Atlantic Charter | 1941: Joint declaration by the U.S. and Britain outlining post-war goals, including self-determination and free trade. |
| Pearl Harbor | Dec 7, 1941: Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base in Hawaii, prompting America’s entry into WWII. |
| War Production Board | Agency that coordinated industrial production during WWII to ensure the military had necessary supplies. |
| Bracero Program | Agreement between the U.S. and Mexico that brought Mexican laborers to work in agriculture during WWII. |
| Zoot Suit Riots | 1943: Series of violent clashes in Los Angeles between U.S. servicemen and Mexican American youths wearing zoot suits. |
| Executive Order 9066 (War Relocation Camps) | Presidential order that led to the internment of Japanese Americans in "War Relocation Camps" during WWII. |
| Manhattan Project | Secret U.S. project to develop the atomic bomb during WWII. |
| Yalta Conference | 1945: Meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin to plan post-war Europe and the division of Germany. |
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Thebestb
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