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STAAR- Colonialism

US History Review

TermDefinition
Reasons for European Exploration Search for new trade routes to Asia, desire for wealth (gold, spices), spread of Christianity, and competition between European powers.
Northwest Passage A sought-after water route through North America to Asia. European explorers searched for it to establish faster trade routes.
Reasons for French Colonization Fur trade, establishing trading posts, and claiming territory. Less focused on large-scale settlement than other European powers.
Reasons for English Colonization Economic opportunities (tobacco, trade), religious freedom (Puritans, Pilgrims), and land ownership.
Reasons for Spanish Colonization Gold, God, and Glory; extracting resources, converting Native Americans to Christianity (Catholicism), building missions, and expanding the Spanish Empire.
Virginia Reason for Establishment Economic profit through tobacco cultivation.
Massachusetts Bay Reason for Establishment Religious freedom for Puritans.
Georgia Reason for Establishment Buffer against Spanish Florida and a haven for debtors. (James Oglethorpe- founder)
Pennsylvania Reason for Establishment Religious freedom for Quakers (William Penn- founder). Quakers advocated for religious tolerance and fair treatment of Native Americans.
Carolinas Reason for Establishment Economic opportunities through cash crops (rice, indigo).
New York Reason for Establishment Trade and economic opportunities; originally a Dutch colony (New Amsterdam).
Maryland Reason for Establishment Religious tolerance for Catholics. (Lord Baltimore founder)
Connecticut Reason for Establishment Political and religious freedom (Thomas Hooker founder).
Rhode Island Reason for Establishment Religious freedom and separation of church and state (Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson founders).
Plymouth Bay Site of the first permanent English settlement in New England (Pilgrims). Originally heading to Virginia but veered off-course
Jamestown First permanent English settlement in North America in 1607.
1607 Founding of Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America
Virginia House of Burgesses 1619 First colonial assembly of elected representatives, power to make laws, model for other colonies, helped establish tradition of self-government
Reasons for Growth of Representative Government in Colonies Long distance from England, need for lawmaking structure, influence from English philosophers, town hall meetings, First Great Awakening, salutary neglect, and traditional right of Englishmen- Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, English Parliament.
Mayflower Compact First agreement for self-government in the colonies. Helped establish tradition of self-government, social contract.
1620 Signing of the Mayflower Compact and arrival of the Pilgrims in the Plymouth Bay Colony.
Mayflower Ship that carried the Pilgrims to Plymouth.
Pilgrims Separatists who sought religious freedom in Plymouth.
Puritans Sought to purify the Church of England; settled Massachusetts Bay.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut First written constitution in colonies, helped establish tradition of self-government, defined and limited powers of government, granted government right to levy/collect taxes, provided for the election of representatives
Salutary Neglect British policy of relaxed enforcement of trade regulations in the colonies. Allowed the colonies to develop a sense of independence.
First Great Awakening Religious revival that emphasized emotional connection to God. Led to the growth of new denominations and challenged traditional authority. Focused on experiences of individuals and contributed to the spread of democratic feelings throughout the colonies.
Thomas Hooker Founder of Connecticut; advocated for limited government.
New England (Northern) Colonies Cold, long winters, short summers, rocky soil, dense forests, natural deep harbors, swift rivers led to shipbuilding, fishing, fur trapping and trading, and lumber milling.
Mid-Atlantic (Middle) colonies mild/moderate/temperate climate, rich farmland, bread basket of the colonies, rolling hills, diverse population and economy.
Southern Colonies warm winters, hot summers, humid, fertile soil, long growing season led to agriculture and plantations, growing of cash crops (tobacco, indigo, rice, cotton), climate led to a need for cheap labor and the development of the slave trade
Natural Harbors Facilitated trade and economic development. Led to the creation of large port cities.
Appalachian Mountains Natural barrier to westward expansion for early colonists. Colonists eventually banned from expanding west through the Proclamation of 1767 following French and Indian War.
Transatlantic Slave Trade Forced migration of millions of Africans to the Americas. Part of the triangular trade route.
Cash Crops Crops grown for profit (tobacco, rice, indigo). Led to the need for cheap labor and expansion of the slave trade.
Mercantilism Economic theory that colonies exist to benefit the mother country. Led to trade restrictions and colonial resentment.
William Penn Founder of Pennsylvania; advocated for religious tolerance and fair treatment of Native Americans.
Roger Williams Founder of Rhode Island; advocated for religious freedom and separation of church and state.
Anne Hutchinson Religious leader who challenged Puritan authority; helped found Rhode Island.
Triangular Trade Cash crops> need for cheap labor>increased profits- expansion of slave trade. Raw materials went from the colonies to Europe, manufactured goods went from Europe to Africa and the colonies, and slave went from Africa to the colonies.
Created by: oking
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