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Chapter 8 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was the first president of the United States? | George Washington |
| Who was the first vice president of the United States? | John Adams |
| electoral college | a group selected from each states to cast votes in presidential elections (the electors are expected to vote for the candidate chosen by popular vote in their state) |
| precedent | an action or decision that serves as an example for later generations |
| What was the Judiciary Act of 1789? | it set up a federal court system with three levels |
| national debt | amount of money owed by the United States to its lenders |
| bonds | certificates that represent money owed |
| speculators | people who but items at low prices in hopes that the value will rise |
| What was Step 1 of Hamilton's financial plan? | For the federal government to pay off all the states' debts in full because it would increase support for the federal government |
| What did Hamilton promise in exchange for the government paying off its debt? | For the nation's capital to be moved to the south |
| What was Step 2 of Hamilton's financial plan? | A national bank that would issue paper money that would serve as the national currency (a safe place to deposit government funds) |
| loose construction | the federal government can take any reasonable action that the constitution does not specifically forbid |
| strict construction | the federal government should only do what the constitution specifically says it can do |
| What was Step 3 of Hamilton's financial plan? | a protective tariff that protects United States manufacturers from foreign competition by making imported goods more expensive |
| What position did Alexander Hamilton hold, and what did he do? | as the first Secretary of Treasury, he devised plans for funding the national debt, encouraging expansion of manufacturing and organizing the federal bank |
| Who was 'Little Turtle'? | a Miami native American that led a small confederation of native American tribes to victory over federal army forces in 1790 and 1791 |
| Who was General 'Mad' Anthony Wayne? | an American general that defeated Little Turtle's army in 1794 at The Battle of Fallen Timbers near present-day Toledo |
| What was the Treaty of Greenville? | a Treaty that gave most of what is now Ohio to the United States and cleared a the way for the state to enter the union in 1803 |
| What did President Washington fear? | if the United States became included in the European war, it would shatter his young country's new government |
| What was the Neutrality Proclamation? | a proclamation that urged American citizens to be impartial and to not send aid or war materials to England or France |
| What was Jay's Treaty 1794? | a peace treaty that was an attempt to settle disputes with Great Britain dating back to the revolutionary war |
| impressment | the practice of seizing sailors and forcing them to serve in the British army |
| political parties | groups that help elect government officials and shape government policies |
| What did the Federalist party stand for? | a strong federal government and to promote industry (John Adams, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton) |
| What did the Republican party stand for? | to limit the power of the government and to promote agriculture (Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Aaron Burr) |
| What was the XYZ affair? | when John Adams sent United States diplomats to reconcile our differences, the French government refused to talk until the Americans paid them a $250,000 bribe |
| What happened in the states after the XYZ affair? | Many Americans felt that we should go to war with the French, but President Adams did not give in and tried to keep the peace. |
| How did Adams avoid war? | building up the Navy to protect United States ships at sea |
| alien | an outsider or someone from another country |
| sedition | activity designed to overthrow a government |
| What were the Alien and Sedition acts? | laws enacted in 1798 by John Adams aimed at strengthening national security and suppressing dissent, particularly criticism of the primarily Federalist government, including limiting immigration and speech rights. |
| nullify | deprive of legal force and to cancel a law |
| states' rights | the right of states to limit the power of the federal government |
Created by:
angelinastohrer
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