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USII - Unit 8
The Roaring Twenties
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Warren G. Harding | Twenty-ninth president of the United States; his policies favored business, but his administration was known for scandals. |
| Fordney-McCumber Tariff | a set of regulations, enacted by Congress in 1922, that raised taxes on imports to record levels in order to protect American businesses against foreign competition. |
| Ohio Gang | a group of close friends and political supporters whom President Warren G. Harding appointed to his cabinet. |
| Teapot Dome Scandal | Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall’s secret leasing of oil-rich public land to private companies in return for money and land. |
| Consumerism | a preoccupation with the purchasing of material goods or acquiring goods in ever-greater amounts. |
| Xenophobia | an unreasoned fear of things or people seen as foreign or strange. |
| Nativism | favoring the interests of native-born people over foreign-born people. |
| Isolationism | opposition to political and economic entanglements with other countries. |
| Communism | an economic and political system based on one-party government and state ownership of property. |
| Quota System | a system that sets limits on how many immigrants from various countries a nation will admit each year. |
| Prohibition | the banning of the manufacture, sale, and possession of alcoholic beverages. |
| Speakeasy | a place where alcoholic drinks were sold and consumed illegally during Prohibition. |
| Bootlegger | a person who smuggled alcoholic beverages into the United States during Prohibition. |
| Fundamentalism | a Protestant religious movement grounded in the belief that all the stories and details in the Bible are literally true. |
| Scopes Trial | a sensational 1925 court case in which the biology teacher John T. Scopes was tried for challenging a Tennessee law that outlawed the teaching of evolution. |
| Flapper | one of the free-thinking young women who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the 1920s. |
| Double Standard | a set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women. |
| Charles Lindbergh | American pilot; he became the first person to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean nonstop in 1927. He was a hero to millions of Americans. |
| Sinclair Lewis | American writer; he was the first American to receive the Nobel Prize in literature. His novel Babbitt satirized Americans of the 1920s. |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald | American writer famous for his novels and stories, such as The Great Gatsby, capturing the mood of the 1920s. He gave the decade the nickname the “Jazz Age.” |
| Modernism | a 20th-century artistic movement that contended that traditional art was outdated and no longer meaningful in the new, industrialized, urban world. |
| Duke Ellington | African American composer and jazz musician; he was one of the key figures in the Harlem Renaissance. His orchestra was popular with audiences nationwide. |
| NAACP | the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People—an organization founded in 1909 to promote full racial equality. |
| Marcus Garvey | African American leader who promoted self-reliance for African Americans; he started the Universal Negro Improvement Society (UNIA), which urged African Americans to take pride in their heritage. |
| Harlem Renaissance | a flowering of African American artistic creativity during the 1920s, centered in the Harlem community of New York City. |
| Louis Armstrong | Leading African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter whose style influenced many later musicians. |
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