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3.03 Child Dev. Voca
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Autosomal dominant genetic disorder | a pattern or inheritance characteristic of some genetic disorders; the gene is located on one of the numbered chromosomes; a single copy of the mutated gene is enough to cause the disorder |
| Autosomal recessive genetic disorder | a pattern or inheritance characteristic of some genetic disorders; the gene is located on one of the numbered chromosomes; two copies (one from each parent) of the mutated gene are required to cause the disorder |
| Cerebral palsy | impaired muscle coordination and/or other disabilities, typically caused by lack of oxygen to the brain before, during or shortly after birth |
| Chromosome | a threadlike structure found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes |
| Chromosomal genetic disorders | a type of genetic disorder that develop because of a change (mutation) in one or more gene; typically missing or duplicated chromosome material |
| Cleft lip/Cleft palate | a gap in upper lip or palate; caused by heredity or environment or both |
| Color blindness | a genetic disorder where a person has a reduced ability to distinguish between colors when compared to the standard for normal human color vision; usually affects only males |
| Congenital heart defects | are present at birth and can affect the structure of a baby’s heart and the way it works; can be by environmental or genetic factors |
| Cystic fibrosis | a genetic disorder resulting in the secretion of thick mucus that blocks internal passages, including those of the lungs, causing respiratory infections; also affects the pancreas, resulting in a deficiency of digestive enzymes and impaired nutrition |
| Dominant gene | the stronger gene that expresses a trait that first appears or is visibility expressed in the organism as a dominant trait |
| Down syndrome / Trisomy 21 | a genetic disorder characterized by a broad skull, blunt facial features, short stature, and learning difficulties; caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | a genetic disorder that results in the progressive weakness and shrinking of the muscles; most commonly transmitted genetically by female carriers, but usually affects only males |
| Environmental influences | things and people in a person’s surroundings (e.g., mother’s health, family, friends, home, community, toxins, and life experiences) |
| Fetal alcohol syndrome | condition in a child that results from alcohol exposure during the mother’s pregnancy and characterized by restriction of mental development and of physical development, particularly of the skull and face. |
| Fraternal twins | dizygotic twins, which result from the fertilization of two separate eggs during the same pregnancy, so the twins share half of their genes, just like any other siblings, and may be of the same or different sexes |
| Gene | the basic physical and functional unit of heredity, with genes being made up of DNA |
| Genetic | relating to genes or heredity |
| Hereditary influences | all traits passed down from one generation to the next (e.g., eye, skin, and hair color) |
| Identical twins | monozygotic twins, which result from the fertilization of a single egg that splits in two, so the twins share all their genes and are always of the same sex |
| Infectious disease | a disorder caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites |
| Inherited | derived genetically from one's parents or ancestors |
| Multiple births | giving birth to more than one child at a time |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | a genetic disorder in which the body is unable to process and use a specific protein that is present in nearly all foods |
| Psychoactive substances | drugs or other substance that affects how the brain works and cause changes in mood, awareness, thoughts, feelings, or behavior |
| Recessive gene | the trait that is present at the gene level but is masked and does not show itself in the organism (weaker gene) unless there are two copies of the recessive gene present |
| Sex-linked recessive genetic disorders | genetic condition associated with mutations in genes on the X chromosome; a male carrying the mutation will be affected; a female carrying one mutated gene is generally unaffected |
| Sexually transmitted disease (STD | an infection transmitted through sexual contact, caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites |
| Sickle cell anemia: | a genetic disorder where malformed red blood cells deprive the body of oxygen; caused by inheriting defective recessive genes from both parents;more commonly occurs in African Americans |
| Spina bifida | a congenital condition in which part of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes through a cleft in the spinal column, resulting in loss of voluntary movement in the lower body; caused by environmental and heredity |
| Toxoplasmosis | a parasite that can cause blindness, hearing loss, and learning disabilities, and death; found in cat litter and some raw meats |
| Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) | a rare pregnancy condition affecting identical twins or other multiple births; occurs in pregnancies where twins share one placenta (afterbirth) and a network of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients essential for development in the womb |
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