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Americas Test
Study Stack for the Olmecs, Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who were the Olmecs? | A civilization in the southern gulf coast of Mexico. Did not leave behind any written records but lots of artifacts such as the huge carved stone heads. Their greatest achievement was their influence on later Mesoamerica Civilizations. |
| Who were the Aztecs? | Originally nomadic people who settled in the Valley of Mexico. Best known as fierce warriors and making human sacrifices. They built their city of Tenochtitlan in the middle of Lake Texcoco. Also built pyramids, temples and ball courts. |
| Who were the Incas? | Built the largest empire in the Americas. Worshiped hundreds of gods but their most important god was Inti. Kept their empire together by building a huge network of roads and bridges. Also had governors in each region to report back to the emperor. |
| What are chinampas? | Man made islands that were used for gardens in the Aztec culture. |
| How important was religion to the Aztec? | Religion played a central role in the lives of the Aztec. They built a Great Temple to honor their sun god (Huitzilopochtli) and their rain god (Tlaloc). They gave human sacrifices to appease their gods. Most important building was The Great Temple. |
| How were the Aztecs able to connect Tenochtitlan to the shore? | They built causeways that allowed people to walk to and from Tenochtitlan. These causeways also had special sections that could pop – up to form a drawbridge to stop invaders. |
| What was the capital of the Aztec empire? | Tenochtitlan |
| How were the Maya, Aztec and Inca Kings like the Egyptian pharaohs? | He had great religious and political power, was considered a god and commanded great wealth. |
| Why was Cuzco important to the Incas? | It was the center and capital of the Inca Empire. |
| How did the Inca use their building skills to hold their empire together? | They built roads and rope bridges so caravans, the army and news could travel quickly throughout the empire. |
| How were the Inca able to grow food on hilly mountain slopes? | They constructed terraces, level platforms of earth that climbed each hill like a staircase, similar to the terraces of Japan. |
| What animal did the Inca use to transport goods through the mountains? | Llama |
| Who was Pachakuti? | The supreme ruler of the Incas in the 1400's who expanded the Inca Empire. |
| What is Machu Picchu? | Mountaintop city built by the Inca. Lay undiscovered by the Spanish, finally found in 1911 by Hiram Bingham. |
| What physical feature did the Inca Empire begin on? | Andes Mountain in South America (Peru.) |
| What are some similarities between the Aztecs and Incas? | Similarities: worship of sun god, dependence on maize, strong army, efficient government. |
| What are some differences between the Aztecs and the Incas? | South America, not North America, and extent of empire. Inca Empire much larger. |
| What European people were able to conquer the Aztecs and Incas? | The Spanish conquistadors. They were looking for gold, land and people to convert to Christianity. |
| Why were the conquistadors able to conquer the Americas so easily? | They had superior weapons, such as guns, cannons, and horses. They also had diseases that the people of the Americas had no immune system for. |
| Who were the Mayans? | A civilization that thrived in the Yucatan Peninsula, and Central America. They were the first civilization in Middle America to use a written language. They created an advanced system of mathematics and astronomy. |
| What are some famous Mayan cities? | Tikal, Copan, and Chichen Itza |
| What are some things that the Mayan's Built? | Pyramids, temples, and ball courts |
| What was the Mayan's most important crop? | Maize (Corn.) |
| What are some of the Mayan's religious Belief's? | They worshiped hundreds of gods and also practiced human sacrifices. |
| Their universe was made up of three levels, what are those levels called? | Upper World, Middle World and Underworld |
| Who was the Mayan's most important God? Why was he so important? | Yum Kax was their most important god. He was the god of Maize. |
| What year did the Mayan's start to leave their cities? | A.D. 900 |
| Why do people believe that The Mayan's started to leave their villages around A.D. 900? | Because of server droughts. |
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