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Late Middle Ages
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the main goal of the Church reforms in the Medieval period? | The main goal was to address corruption within the Church and to return to a more spiritual focus. |
| What were the Crusades? | The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated by the Christian states of Europe to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim rule. |
| Which Pope called for the First Crusade? | Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade in 1095. |
| What was one major effect of the Crusades on Europe? | The Crusades increased trade and cultural exchange between Europe and the Middle East. |
| How did Church reformers seek to improve the clergy's morals? | Reformers advocated for clerical celibacy and the prohibition of simony (selling church offices). |
| What socioeconomic system dominated Medieval society? | Feudalism was the dominant socioeconomic system. |
| How did the Black Death affect population and labor in Medieval Europe? | The Black Death caused a significant population decline, leading to labor shortages and higher wages for workers. |
| What role did the guilds play in Medieval towns? | Guilds were associations of craftsmen and merchants that regulated trade and maintained standards. |
| How did the growth of towns change Medieval society? | The growth of towns contributed to the rise of a middle class and shifted the focus from rural to urban life. |
| What was the significance of the Magna Carta in 1215? | The Magna Carta limited the powers of the king and laid the foundations for modern democracy and legal rights. |
| Who was William the Conqueror? | William the Conqueror was the Duke of Normandy who invaded England in 1066 and became its king. |
| What was the outcome of the Hundred Years' War between England and France? | The war ended with France strengthening its national identity and establishing control over its territory. |
| How did the English monarchy evolve after the signing of the Magna Carta? | The English monarchy evolved to include checks on royal power and greater involvement of nobles in governance. |
| What was the Capetian dynasty's contribution to the French state? | The Capetian dynasty helped centralize the French monarchy and increase the king's power over feudal lords. |
| What role did Joan of Arc play in French history? | Joan of Arc inspired French troops during the Hundred Years' War and played a crucial role in the lifting of the siege of Orléans. |
| What major event in the 14th century led to widespread death and disruption in Europe? | The Black Death, or bubonic plague, led to the deaths of millions and caused significant social upheaval. |
| What significant conflict occurred between England and France during the 14th century? | The Hundred Years' War was a significant conflict during this time. |
| How did the Great Schism affect the Catholic Church? | The Great Schism (1378-1417) divided the Church with rival popes, leading to a loss of authority and credibility for the Papacy. |
| What impact did the rise of towns and cities have on feudalism by the end of the Middle Ages? | The rise of towns and cities weakened feudalism as more people moved to urban areas and sought economic opportunities outside of the feudal system. |
| What general trend marked the decline of the Middle Ages? | The decline was marked by the emergence of new ideas during the Renaissance, increased trade and exploration, and the questioning of Church authority. |
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