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APHuman Chapter11
the vocab for ap human geography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bulk-gaining industry | an industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs |
| bulk-reducing industry | an industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the input |
| CFC | a gas used as a solvent, a propellant in aerosols, a refrigerant, and in plastic foams and fire extinguishers |
| Consumptive water usage | the use of water that evaporates rather than being returned to nature as a liquid |
| Cottage industry | Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution |
| Fission | The spitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy |
| Fordist production | A form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly |
| Fossil fuel | An energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago |
| Fusion | Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of 2 hydrogen atoms to form helium |
| Geothermal energy | Emery from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten underground rocks |
| Greenhouse effect | The anticipated increase in Earth's temperature caused by carbon dioxide (emitted by burning fossil fuels) trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface |
| Just-in-time delivery | Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed |
| Labor-intensive industry | An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses. |
| Maquiladora | A factory built by a U.S. company in Mexico near the border to take advantage of the much lower labor costs in Mexico |
| New international division of labor | Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less skilled, from MDCS to LDCS |
| Nonconsumptive water usage | the use of water that is returned to nature as a liquid |
| Nonpoint source pollution | Pollution that originates from a large, diffuse area |
| Nonrenewable energy | a source of energy that has a finite supply capable of being exhausted |
| Outsourcing | A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers |
| Ozone | A gas that absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation and is found in the stratosphere, a zone 15 to 50 kilometers (9 to 30 miles) above Earth's surface |
| Passive solar energy systems | Solar energy systems that collect energy without the use of mechanical devices |
| Photochemical smog | An atmospheric condition formed through a combination of weather conditions and pollution, especially from motor vehicle emissions. |
| Point source pollution | Pollution that enters a body of water from a specific source |
| Pollution | Concentration of waste added to air, water or land at a greater level than occurs in average air, water or land |
| Post-Fordist production | Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks |
| Potential reserve | The amount of a resource in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist |
| Proven reserve | The amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits |
| Recycling | The separation, collection, processing, marketing, and reuse of unwanted material |
| Remanufacturing | The rebuilding of a product to specifications of the original manufactured product using a combination of reused, repaired and new parts |
| Renewable energy | A resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by people |
| Right-to-work law | a US law that prevents a union and a company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join the union as a condition of employment |
| Sanitary landfill | a place to deposit solid, waste, where a layer of earth is bulldozed over garbage each day to reduce emissions of gases and odors from the decaying trash, to minimize fire, and to discourage vermin. |
| Site factors | location factors related to the cost of factors of production inside a plant, such as land, labor and capital |
| Situation factors | location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory |
| Vertical integration | an approach typical of traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of a highly complex production process |
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