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APUSH Chapter 22
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Wabash, St Louis and pacific railroad co vs. illinois: | supreme court decision made that prohibited states from regulating railroads since Congress had the power to regulate commerce, giving most power to federal government |
| Interstate commerce act: | congressional legislation that forced railroads to publish standard rates and prohibit rebates and pools, showed that the federal government was mostly in control. |
| Vertical integration: | process created by Andrew Carngie increase efficiency and limit competition in industrialization |
| Horizontal integration: | process created by John D. Rockefeller that dominated a particular phase of production process in order to monopolize the market |
| Trust: | a mechanism by which one company gains control over another through the ownership of their stock, usually big companies taking over smaller ones |
| Standard Oil Company: | Rockefeller’s oil company formed in 1870 that became very popular in the country from trust and monopolies and then spread to be a multinational company, later disbanded into a smaller companies by the supreme court |
| Interlocking directorates: | the practice of having directors from one company also sit on the board of another to minimize banking competition |
| Bessemer Process: | innovation in steel production where air was blown onto the molten steel to remove impurities, made steel production cheaper and faster, used by Andrew Carinege |
| Social Darwinists: | believers in the 19th century idea that some people were naturally superior, or fit, than others (the rich), and therefore did not owe anyone else anything (the poor)= excuse for imperialism |
| Sherman Antitrust act: | a law that forbade trusts or combinations in business, first congressional attempts to regulate big businesses and corporations |
| National labor union: | the first national labor union who worked in many aspects of the workplace but mostly fought for working hours, did limit participation of women, Chinese, and black, disbanded in 1872 |
| Knights of labor: | second national labor union formed in 1869, was made available to all people, declined in popularity due to violent strikes between skilled and unskilled workers |
| Haymarket square: | a may day rally that turned violent after someone threw a bomb into the center and killed dozens of people, eight people were arrested under conspiracy but there is not enough evidence to know who really did it |
| American federation of labor: | labor union for skilled workers formed in 1886, originally led by Samuel Gompers, fought for a better form of capitalism with better working hours, wages, and conditions, mostly white male participants |
| Closed shop: | a union-organizing term that refers to the practice of only allowing union member workers to be employed in companies, AFL made lots of these deals with employers |
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katertot21
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