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Chapter 1: Politics
American Political Culture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| liberty | personal freedom/gov't pwers limited by law |
| equality | all individuals have right to participate in pol. life |
| democracy | placing pol. pwer in hands of ordinary people |
| 1933 | pwers of govt expanded to meet crisis of 29'/ stock market crash |
| 1960s | three-quarters of people trusted govt |
| 1994 | trust dropped to 1/4 americans |
| who expresses more trust in americans? | african americans and latinos |
| when does trust in govnt increase? | after crisis |
| political efficacy | belief that citizens can affect what govnt does, that they can take action to make govnt listen |
| how to gain political efficacy? | political knowledge |
| greek citizenship | membership in one's community, american govnt derived from greek ideals |
| citizenship | enlightened political engagement |
| true citizen | knowledge to participate in political debate (greek ideal) |
| government | used to describe the formal institutions through which a land/ its people are ruled |
| autocracy | governed by single person-king/dictator |
| oligarchy | governed by small group (land owners, military officers, wealthy merchants) |
| democracy | governed by many people and have influence over decision making |
| substantive limits | what govt permitted to control |
| procedural limits | how to control |
| constitional govnts | govnts limited by substantive and procedural limits (liberal govnts/US |
| authoritarian govnts | law imposes few real limits, but kept in check by other political/social institutions must come to terms w/ organized rel/bus (europe/asia/S.A) |
| totalitarian | attempt to dominate or control every sphere of political, social, and economic life (Nazi Germany) |
| beginning of 17th century, what 2 changes occured? | 1. govnt acknowledged formal limits on pwer 2. govnts provide ordinary ppl w/ formal voice in public affairs- through voting |
| bourgeosis | french word= "freeman of the city," generally did not favor democracies, advocates of electoral/ representative institutions. favored property requirements/ other restrictions |
| what is the bourgeosis? | middle class (commerce/industry) sought to change existing institutions-esp. Parliament. advanced many principles that became central ideas of individual liberty |
| John Locke & John Stuart | shape ideas about liberty and political rights |
| politics | conflict over the leadership, structure, and policies of govnts |
| goal of politics | have a share/ say in the composition of the govnt's leadership |
| power | influence over a gov't leadership, oranization/policies |
| representative democracy/Republic | a system of govt in which the populace selects reps. who play a significant role in governmental decision making (US) |
| direct democracy | a system of rule that permits citizens to vote directly on laws/policies |
| pluralism | theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the govt (group politics) |
| direct action politics | civil disobedience/ violence |
| what were most of the first immigrants | european protestants |
| political culture | broadly shared values, beliefs, attitudes about how the govt should function |
| limited govt | a principle of constitutional govt (powers limited by constitution |
| laissez-faire capitalism | an economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned/operated for profit w/ minimal or no govt interference |
| equality of opportunity | a widely shared American ideal that all ppl should have the freedom to use w/e talents/wealth they have to reach fullest potential |
| political equality | the right of the American political community to participate equally |
| popular sovereignty | idea of placing power in hands of the people |
| majority rule/minority rights | democratic principle that a govt follows the preference of the majority of voters but protects the interests of minorities |
| just majority rule bad? | founders thought govt would turn into a tyranny of the majority |
Created by:
lex16
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