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Unit 7 - WWII
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Totalitarianism | dictatorship form of government where the ruler has ABSOLUTE authority, complete and unrestricted POWER over government |
| Dictator | RULER with TOTAL power over a country, typically one who has obtained control by FORCE |
| Anti-semitism | Intense HATE and/or prejudice against JEWS |
| Fascism | Totalitarian government that can forcibly suppress opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry and commerce, and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism |
| Democracy | Supreme power lies with the people |
| Non-Aggression | International treaty between 2 or more nations agreeing to avoid war (Germany/ Soviet Union) |
| Militarism | A belief that a strong military force should be maintained and used aggressively to defend or promote national interests |
| Mein Kampf | “My Struggle” Adolf Hitler’s book that contained his ideas, beliefs, and plans for Germany -1923 |
| Appeasement | Giving into demands to preserve peace |
| Nazi | Nazi - One who advocates fascist, racist, or anti-Semitic ideology (National Socialist German Workers Party) |
| Propaganda | Info spread for the purpose of promoting a cause and influencing people’s behavior or opinions |
| Communisim | Individual people do not own land, factories, or machinery. Instead, the government or the whole community owns these things. Everyone is supposed to share the wealth that they create. |
| Lend-Lease Act | The US was neutral but they were actively assisting the Allies. The US gave military supplies to Great Britain (lend) in exchange for leases on military bases through the Caribbean. (lease). Roosevelt knew that eventually the US would be in the war. |
| Blitzkrieg | The term translates to ‘lightning war’. German army style of fighting called for fast, overpowering force using air, armor, and infantry to overwhelm the enemy |
| Holocaust | The mass killing of European Jews (over 6 million) and other groups by the Nazis during WWII. Translates to burnt sacrifice |
| Aryans Supremacy | Doctrine the Nazis used declaring that the Aryans were the master race and should rid the world of undesirable groups |
| Nuremberg Laws | Laws created by the Nazi party that hindered the rights of the Jews |
| Kristallnacht | November 9, 1938 “Night of Broken Glass” “Spontaneous” riots in which synagogues and Jewish businesses were attacked. About 100 Jews were murdered and about 30,000 were sent to concentration camps. |
| Ghettos | A walled off section of cities where Jews were forced to live. Concentrating the Jews in ghettos made it easier for control, forced labor, and transport to the camps. |
| Final Solution | Term used by the Nazis during WWII. Plan to fully exterminate European Jews |
| Concentration Camp | Place where prisoners were forced to perform slave labor, with harsh conditions, little food, and often death |
| Genocide | Mass murder of an entire race, religion, or ethnicity |
| Kamikaze | Translates to “Divine Wind.” As Japanese grew desperate towards the end of the war, 4,000 Japanese pilots flew suicide missions against US ships, flying their planes into the ships. 40 US ships were sunk by them. |
| Island Hopping | US strategy during WWII that the US implemented after the Battle of Midway where US troops “hopped” from one island to island towards Japan |
| Manhattan Project | The code name for the project to develop atomic bombs for the United States during World War II |
| Axis Powers | Alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan (all fascist dictatorships) |
| Allied Powers | Alliance between Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, Canada and US (all democracies except SU) |
| Dwight Eisnehower | Supreme commander of Allied forces in Western Europe during World War II, He led the massive invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe that began on D-Day (June 6, 1944) |
| Douglas Macarthur | The commanding general of US forces in the Pacific. When ordered to leave the Philippines he promised that “I shall return.” In late 1944 and early 1945 US forces fulfill his promise |
| FDR (Franklin D Roosevelt) | President during most of WWII. He was elected to a 3rd and 4th term in office. His “Day of Infamy” speech mobilized the nation to a single purpose- defeat of the Axis. He died a month before Germany surrendered of a massive cerebral hemorrhage |
| Neville Chamberlain | British Prime Minister before the war and he practiced the policy of appeasement |
| Winston Churchill | Britain’s wartime Prime Minister. At one time GB was the only country still standing against the Nazis |
| Adolf Hitler | German Nazi dictator during WWII who took power in 1933 (Der Fuhrer) |
| Heinrich Himmler | Leader of the SS (who ran the concentration camps and death squads) |
| Gestapo | Nazi secret police |
| SS | Elite squad of stormtroopers under the command of Heinrich Himmler |
| Benito Mussolini | Italian fascist dictator during WWII who came to power in 1922 (Il Duce) |
| Hideki Tojo | Wartime military dictator of Japan |
| Emperor Hirihito | Leader (king) of Japan- people believed he was a god |
| Harry Truman | Replaced FDR as president and ordered the use of atomic weapons to help shorten the war and prevent an estimated 1 million casualties that would result from an invasion of Japan |
| Joseph Stalin | Soviet Union dictator, and head of the Communist Party. He was famous for getting rid of the opposition. |
Created by:
SophiaDozier
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