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BIOL2083 amino acids

biochemistry

TermDefinition
Alanine • Ala, A • small • hydrophobic, nonpolar • neutral • R group: methyl
Arginine • Arg, R • large • hydrophilic, polar • basic (+ at physical pH) • R groups: guanadinium (+), hydrocarbon • salt bridges with acidic AAs aspartate + glutamate
Asparagine • Asn, N • small - medium • hydrophilic, polar • no formal charge but has electrical dipole • R group: carboxamide
Aspartate • Asp, D; aka Aspartic acid • small - medium • hydrophilic, polar • acidic (— at physiological pH) • R group: carboxylate (—)
Cysteine • Cys, C • small - medium • hydrophilic, polar • neutral • R group: sulfhydryl (may — into thiolate group, forms disulfide bond with sulfhydryl group of another Cysteine)
Glutamine • Gln, Q • medium • hydrophilic, polar • neutral • R group: carboxamide
Glutamate • Glu, E; aka Glutamic acid • medium • hydrophilic, polar • acidic (— at physiological pH) • R group: carboxylate (—)
Glycine • Gly, G • smallest; only achiral AA, gives flexibility in protein structures • hydrophobic, nonpolar • neutral
Histidine • His, H • medium • hydrophilic, polar • basic (+ at physiological pH) • R group: imidazole ring (+ or — depending on environment, aromatic ring is useful in enzyme active sites)
Isoleucine • Ile, I • medium • hydrophobic, nonpolar • neutral • R group: branched chain aliphatic (branched at beta-C)
Leucine • Leu, L • medium • hydrophobic, nonpolar • neutral • R group: branched chain aliphatic (branched at gamma-C)
Lysine • Lys, K • large • hydrophilic, polar • basic (+ at physiological pH) • R group: terminal amino group (+)
Methionine • Met, M; often first AA in a protein • large • hydrophobic, nonpolar • neutral • R groups: aliphatic chain, thioether group
Phenylalanine • Phe, F • large • hydrophobic, nonpolar • neutral • R group: phenyl ring (aromatic)
Proline • Pro, P; limited rotational flexibility • medium • hydrophobic, nonpolar • neutral • R group: aliphatic side chain (connected between alpha-C and amino N)
Serine • Ser, S • small - medium • hydrophobic, polar • neutral • R group: hydroxyl
Threonine • Thr, T • small - medium • hydrophilic, polar • neutral • R groups: terminal hydroxyl, branched aliphatic (branches at beta-C)
Tryptophan • Trp, W • largest • hydrophobic, nonpolar • neutral • R groups: methylene, indole group (double aromatic ring)
Tyrosine • Tyr, Y • large • hydrophilic, polar • neutral • R groups: phenyl ring (aromatic), hydroxyl (— in certain environments)
Valine • Val, V • small - medium • hydrophobic, nonpolar • neutral • R group: branched aliphatic chain (branched at beta-C)
hydrophilic + polar AAs • Arg, Asn, Asp, Cys, Gln, Glu, His, Lys, Ser, Thr, Tyr
hydrophobic + nonpolar AAs • Ala, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Pro, Trp, Val
neutral (at physiological pH) AAs • may be + or — at extreme pH • Ala, Asn, Cys, Gln, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, Val
basic (at physiological pH) AAs • + at physiological pH • Arg, His (depends on environment), Lys
acidic (at physiological pH) AAs • — at physiological pH • Asp (Aspartic acid), Glu (Glutamic acid)
AAs with branched aliphatic chain R groups • Ise (beta-C), Leu (gamma-C), Thr (beta-C), Val (beta-C)
AAs with aromatic R groups • Phe (phenyl ring), Trp (indole double ring), Tyr (phenyl ring)
AAs with aliphatic chain (non-branched) R groups • Met, Pro (connected between alpha-C and amino N)
small AAs • Ala, Gly (smallest)
small-medium AAs • Asn, Asp, Cys, Ser, Thr, Val
medium AAs • Gln, Glu, His, Ile, Leu, Pro
large AAs • Arg, Lys, Met, Phe, Trp (largest), Tyr
Created by: junoreg
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