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Ch. 17 & 19 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | the effort, after the civil war, to reorganize the seceded states and bring them back into the union |
| pardon | an official release from punishment for a crime |
| provisional government | a temporary government |
| nullify | to cancel |
| Juneteenth | June 19th, the date celebrated as the anniversary of Emancipation Day for enslaved people in Texas |
| freedman | a formerly enslaved people |
| black codes | laws limiting the rights of African Americans passed by Southern governments after the civil war |
| radical republic | a republican who believed that congress should direct reconstruction |
| Ku Klux Klan | a secret organization of white men formed after the civil war that used violence and terror against African American |
| carpetbagger | a Northerner in the South working for a Reconstruction government |
| scalawag | a white Southerner who supported Reconstruction |
| compulsory | required |
| ranchero | the Spanish word for " rancher" |
| open range | public land that could be used by anyone, usually for grazing cattle |
| drive | the movement of cattle in large herds to a stockyard or market |
| drover | a person who moves livestock overland to market |
| stockyard | a place where livestock are penned before they are slaughtered or shipped elsewhere |
| wrangler | a ranch hand who takes care of saddle horses |
| quarantine | a state of enforced isolation designed to prevent the spread of disease or pests |
| syndicate | a group of investors who join together to fund a business |
| mustang | the small, hardy horse of the west, descended from horses brought by the Spanish |
| felony | a serious crime for which punishment my be imprisonment or death |
| drift fence | barded-wired fence dozens of miles long used in the Texas Panhandle to mark the northern and southern limits of a rancher's land to prevent livestock form drifting off the land and wild cattle from drifting it and competing for food |
| dry farming | a farming approach that uses careful plowing to keep loose soil on top, slowing evaporation to keep soil moist |
| tenant farmer | a farmer who works land owned by another and pays rent either in cash or in shares of the crop |
| fallow | left unplanted for one of more growing seasons |
| sharecropper | a farmer who, in exchange for labor, is provided with seed, tools, living quarters, and food and receives a share of a value of the crop |
| demonstrate | to show, prove, or make clear |
| restrict | to place a limit on a person or action |
| register | to record a person officially as eligible to vote |
| ceased | to end; to stop doing an action |
| fee | money charged in exchange for a service or permission to take an action |
| image | a set of partly unreal ideas associated with a person or object |
| method | a way or a system of doing something |
| series | a number of things or events that are arranged or happened one after the another |
| promote | to encourage people to take part in an activity |
| source | any person, place, or thing that supplies something that is wanted or needed |