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Psychology
Endocrine Glands
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | Stimulates release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin from anterior pituitary; Released by hypothalamus |
| Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) | Stimulates release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from anterior pituitary; Released by hypothalamus |
| Growth hormone- releasing hormone (GHRH) | Stimulates release of growth hormone (GH) from anterior pituitary; Released by hypothalamus |
| Corticotropin- releasing hormone (CRH) | Stimulates release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from anterior pituitary; Released by hypothalamus |
| Somatostatin | Inhibits pituitary release of growth hormone (GH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); Released by hypothalamus |
| Growth hormone (GH) | In childhood promotes growth; in adulthood maintains health bone and muscle mass; Released by anterior pituitary gland |
| Prolactin | Stimulates milk production in women; Released by anterior pituitary gland |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | Stimulates release of corticosteroids from adrenal gland; Released by anterior pituitary gland |
| Thyroid releasing hormone (TSH) | Stimulates release of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) from thyroid gland; Released by anterior pituitary gland |
| Luteinizing hormone (LH) | Acts on ovaries of females to regulate estrogen; acts on testes of males to regulate testosterone; Released by anterior pituitary gland |
| Follicle stimulating hormone (TSH) | In females stimulates release of eggs; in males regulates normal sperm production; Released by anterior pituitary gland |
| Oxytocin | Regulates female reproductive functions of childbirth and breastfeeding; Released by posterior pituitary gland |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin) | Regulates body’s water balance; Released by posterior pituitary gland |
| Triiodothyronine (T3) | Important regulator of metabolism; Released by thyroid gland |
| Thyroxine (T4) | Important regulator of metabolism; Released by thyroid gland |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | Regulates the body’s calcium and phosphate levels to a very narrow range; Released by parathyroid gland |
| Cortisol (“stress hormone”) | Increases blood glucose levels; suppress immune system; Released by adrenal cortex |
| Aldosterone | Regulates body’s balance of salt and water; helps regulate blood pressure; Released by adrenal cortex |
| Epinephrine | Increases heart rate and blood flow to muscles and brain; increases blood glucose levels; Released by adrenal medulla |
| Norepinephrine | Increases heart rate and alertness; acts as a vasoconstrictor; Released by adrenal medulla |
| Insulin | Decreases blood glucose levels; Released by pancreas |
| Glucagon | Increases blood glucose levels; Released by pancreas |
| Estrogen | Develops secondary sexual characteristics (breasts, endometrium, etc.); regulates reproductive function; Released by ovaries |
| Progesterone | Thickens endometrium for egg implantation; Released by ovaries |
| Testosterone | Develops male reproductive tissues; regulates secondary sexual characteristics (muscle and bone mass, body hair); Released by testes |
| What is relationship between insulin, glycogen, and lipids? | An increase of insulin causes the body to build up large molecules to store up energy (glycogen and lipids) and to stop the body from breaking down large molecules Increased insulin = increase glycogen and lipid synthesis |
| Endorphin | Pain and stress inhibitor. Directed at nociceptors. Produced by anterior pituitary gland |