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India TEST Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did the subcontinent affect civilization in ancient India? | The subcontinent was surrounded by natural barriers, which separated it from other civilizations. |
| Why were the monsoons important in the lives of the ancient Indians? | The monsoons brought heavy amounts of rainfall to India for agriculture, but also could lead to dangerous floods. |
| Which ancient Indian civilization lived alongside the Indus River and built the ancient cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro? | Indus Valley Civilization |
| In what texts did Hindu scholars present their interpretations and explanations about the Vedas and the main ideas of Hinduism? | Upanishads |
| . According to Hindu beliefs, what is the invisible energy, force, or spirit that created the universe and is a part of everyone? | Brahman |
| Why are Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva important gods in Hinduism? | They represent creation, preservation, and destruction. |
| Who is the popular Hindu god of new beginnings and the remover of obstacles that also has the head of an elephant? | Ganesha |
| What is the ultimate life goal for a person who practices Hinduism? | Recognize that life is an illusion and reunite the atman with Brahman. |
| How does a Hindu follow their dharma? | Hindus follow their dharma through honesty, self-control, nonviolence, and performing their job to the best of their ability. |
| Who was the founder of Buddhism? | Siddhartha Gautama |
| What is the meaning of the name “Buddha?” | Enlightened One |
| Why did the Buddha leave his family and home at the age of 29? | He searched for the answers on how to end pain and suffering among people. |
| According to Buddhist tradition, how did the Buddha reach enlightenment? | He meditated under a fig tree for several weeks. |
| Buddhists who follow the Middle Way find a balance between which two lifestyles? | poverty & wealth |
| What are the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism? | All people suffer, suffering is caused by cravings, suffering can be avoided by letting go of cravings, and the way to end suffering is a path followed by the Buddha himself. |
| What are the main ideas of the Eightfold Path in Buddhism? | An intentional perspective, honorable actions, and mindfulness will lead to nirvana. |
| What is the difference between the beliefs about reincarnation in Hinduism and Buddhism? | Buddhists believe that anyone can escape reincarnation, while Hindus believe that social class could determine escape from reincarnation. |
| What religion practices nontheism and its followers are committed to values such as nonviolence and vegetarianism? | Jainism |
| What religion incorporates ideas of Hinduism and Islam, while also encouraging its followers to meditate, practice honesty, and treat others equally? | Sikhism |
| What was a major achievement of the Indus Valley Civilization? | They created cities that were organized into grid patterns and equipped with drainage systems including baths and flush toilets. |
| The Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Bhagavad-Gita are all famous examples of what type of Indian achievement? | literature |
| Why is Chandragupta Maurya considered an important figure in world history? | He united nearly all of India and formed the first empire across the subcontinent. |
| Why is Ashoka considered an important figure in world history? | He was an emperor who gave up conquest and actively encouraged the spread of Buddhism across South Asia. |
| When was the “golden age” of ancient India when the economy was strong and the civilization made great advancements in art, literature, math, medicine, metallurgy, and science? | Gupta Empire |
| What are the four varnas (Castes) in India’s social hierarchy? | Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaisya, Sudra |
| What was a jati? | A job assigned to a person at birth based on their family’s line of work. |
| What jobs were Dalits expected to do within India’s social hierarchy? | Dalits collected garbage, swept streets, and disposed of dead animals. |
| How did the caste system eventually restrict Indians’ freedoms over the course of history? | The caste system limited people’s choices in marriage, friendship, education, and employment around India. |
| List the eras of ancient Indian history in chronological order. | Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic Period, Mauryan Empire, Gupta Empire |
| What similarity in the geography of India, Egypt, and Mesopotamia allowed all three ancient civilizations to support large populations? | They were all located near rivers. |
| Which group from ancient India is responsible for developing the varnas that would later evolve into the caste system? | Indo-Aryan Civilization |
| Why were Dalits called “Untouchables” by other castes over the course of Indian history? | The other castes believed Dalits were outsiders who were dirty and impure because they sinned in their past lives. |
| What are the living conditions of Dalits in India today? | The Indian government banned untouchability, but there is still discrimination against Dalits |
| Who was the ruler of ancient India that promoted the arts, sciences, and Hinduism while expanding the territory of the Gupta Empire? | Chandra Gupta II |
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