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ASA 103
Sailing 103
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Turnbuckle | a screw used to tighten wire rigging on a boat |
| Chainplate | pieces of metal that turnbuckles are usually attached to |
| Stemhead Fitting | a stainless steel fitting on the bow of a boat that attaches the forestay, jib tack, and anchor rode roller fairlead |
| Rudder Post | the shaft of a rudder, which is a primary control surface used to steer a boat |
| Transom | the flat surface at the rear of a boat that closes the hull |
| Compass | a navigational tool that indicates direction relative to the Earth's magnetic poles |
| Binnacle | the housing for a ship's compass |
| Cockpit Locker | the storage areas in the cockpit, usually the space underneath the cockpit seats. These may be accessed by lifting up the seats, or via a hatch |
| Emergency Tiller | a simple lever arm that attaches to the head of the rudder stock, relied on by a sailor in the event of steering system failure |
| Saloon | the largest enclosed, common area of a sailboat |
| Companionway | the entrance from the cockpit or deck to the cabin |
| Galley | sailboat kitchen |
| V-berth | the bed in the forward cabin, shaped like the letter V |
| Auxiliary Engine | an engine that provides supplementary or additional help and support, because it is not intended to be the main source of power for propelling the boat |
| Bilge | the lowest part of the boat that is accessible from inside the boat |
| Bilge Pump | a pump at the lowest part of the boat to remove any water that may have gotten inside |
| Seacock | a valve on the hull of a boat or a ship, permitting water to flow into the vessel |
| Ground Tackle | the equipment used to anchor a boat |
| Windlass | a type of winch used primarily for raising an anchor |
| Hatch | an opening in the deck of a sailboat that allows access to the boat's interior |
| Through-hull Fitting | a fitting in the hull used to discharge or draw in water |
| Self-Bailing Cockpit | allows water to escape overboard, either by way of a scuppers or walk through transom |
| List the federally require equipment for a 33-foot recreational vessel equipped with an inboard diesel engine | Personal Flotation Devices, Visual Distress Signals, Fire Extinguishers, Sound-Producing Devices, Navigation Lights |
| Wearable PFDs | Benefits: Keep people afloat and help prevent drowning Types: There are five types of PFDs, each with a different intended use Comfort: PFDs are designed to be more comfortable than life jackets, especially for constant wear |
| List the ASA recommended safety equipment for a recreational sailing vessel | Navigation charts and equipment, VHF Radio, Softwood plugs, Bilge pump, Anchor, First aid kit, Tool kit with spare parts, Flashlight, Safety harnesses, Life buoys and buoyant heaving line, Life raft or dinghy |
| Describe ways to keep gear and equipment secure and in their proper location | make sure all unsecured objects are stowed in lockers or on shelves behind rails to hold the items in place. Make sure that each locker door is properly latched. |
| Describe the purpose and proper use of a safety harness and tether | to prevent a person from falling overboard by physically connecting them to the boat, particularly in rough weather conditions; the proper use involves wearing the harness snugly and attaching the tether to a secure point on the deck |
| Describe safe refueling procedures for a vessel equipped with an outboard engine using gasoline or a diesel engine using diesel fuel | secure boat to dock, turn off the engine, extinguish all open flames, no smoking, close all hatches and ports, all passengers ashore, ground fuel nozzle to the fill pipe to prevent static electricity buildup; always avoid overfilling the tank |
| Essential navigator's tools | Compass, parallel rule, dividers |
| Use of navigation charts and symbols | |
| Depth soundings | The process of using a sounding device to determine the depth of the water |
| Bottom types | Sand, mud, gravel, rock |
| Hazards | |
| Aids to navigation | ATONs, Red, Green, Day, Buoys, Junction, Safe Water, G.O.R.E. (green odd, red even), numbers start at channel beginning and increase going inland |
| Latitude/Longitude | Latitude = horizontal, Longitude = vertical |
| Determining magnetic direction | align the compass with the boat's "lubber's line" (the reference point on the boat's bow) and read the corresponding degree on the compass card |
| Measuring distance | use a pair of dividers to measure the distance between two points on the chart, then transfer the divider setting to the latitude scale on the chart to read the distance in nautical miles |
| Describe how to prevent undue magnetic influence on a compass | keep any items containing iron or electric current, such as cell phones, flashlights, deck knives, portable radios, and batteries, at least 3 feet away from the ship's compass |
| Describe the dangers of and how to avoid a 'lee shore' | always maintain sufficient sea room, be aware of wind shifts, and take early action to maneuver away from the downwind shoreline by tacking or altering course as necessary, especially in strong winds or when facing a potential loss of power |
| Obtain and interpret marine weather information | |
| Describe the impact that present observations and forecasts may have on sailing plans for the next 6-12 hours | dictates whether you should alter your course, adjust sail settings, seek shelter, or potentially delay your departure depending on the approaching wind speed, direction, and potential storms |
| Describe and identify Cumulonimbus clouds and what dangers they may signify | Tall clouds with cauliflower tops, often become thunderstorms, steer away on a 90 degree course, seek shelter in a port or cove |
| Define 'small craft advisory' and describe precautions to be taken | A warning from the NWS about hazardous marine conditions, such as high winds, rough seas, heavy rain, and thunderstorms Issued when winds are expected to reach speeds between 20 and 33 knots and when waves are predicted to be 5 to 8 feet high |
| Define 'gale warning' and describe precautions to be taken | a warning issued by the National Weather Service when sustained winds are expected to be between 34 and 47 knots (39 to 54 miles per hour). Stay ashore, adjust your course, reduce sail area, secure loose items, wear a PFD |
| Describe the appropriate sail combinations to carry under light (0-11 knots) wind conditions | |
| Describe the appropriate sail combinations to carry under moderate (12-19 knots) wind conditions | |
| Describe the appropriate sail combinations to carry under heavy (20-33 knots) wind conditions | a partially reefed mainsail with a small, tightly trimmed headsail |
| Describe the procedures for reducing sail for a furling jib | roll in the jib a couple of feet |
| Describe the procedures for reducing sail for a mainsail reefing system | release the main halyard, which lowers the head of the sail, and by essentially creating a new tack and clew to hold the bottom of the sail down |
| Describe the benefits of and procedures for heaving-to | slows down a boat and allows it to drift to leeward, tighten jib sheet, tack, and leave the jib sheet cleated. As the boat approaches head-to-wind, the windward sheet will set the jib aback, pushing the bow downwind. |
| Describe the primary responsibilities of skipper | ensure the safety of the boat and all people onboard by making informed decisions regarding navigation, weather conditions, and maneuvering, while adhering to all relevant maritime rules and regulations |
| Describe the primary responsibilities of crew | assist the skipper in safely operating the boat |
| Rule 6 - Proceeding at a safe speed | a vessel must always maintain a speed that allows them to take proper action to avoid a collision |
| Rule 7 - Determination of a collision risk | a sailor must actively use all available means to assess if there is a potential for collision with another vessel, and if there is any doubt, they must assume a collision risk exists and take appropriate action to avoid it |
| Rule 8 - Taking early and substantial action to avoid collision | when a potential collision risk is detected, a sailor must immediately take a clear and significant course or speed change to avoid a collision, acting well in advance to ensure ample time for the maneuver to be effective and visible to the other vessel |
| Rule 12 - Sailing vessels | when two sailing vessels are approaching each other, one must give way to the other to avoid a collision |
| Rule 13 - Overtaking | when one vessel is overtaking another, the overtaking vessel must keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken |
| Rule 14 - Power-driven vessels in head on situation | when two power-driven vessels are approaching each other head-on, they should both turn right (starboard) to avoid a collision |
| Rule 15 - Power-driven vessels in crossing situation | when two power-driven vessels are crossing and risk of collision exists, the vessel with the other on its starboard side must "keep out of the way" and should ideally avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel |
| Rule 16 - Give-way vessels | a give-way vessel must take early and substantial action to keep clear of a stand-on vessel |
| Rule 17 - Stand-on vessels | the stand-on vessel must maintain its course and speed unless the give-way vessel fails to keep clear |
| Location, color and illumination angles required of navigation lights at anchor, under sail, and under power | Sidelights...red/port, green/starboard, 22.5 deg abaft the beam. Stern light...white, 22.5 deg abaft the beam, Masthead...while under way, same shape as red/green light arc, Anchor...an all around white light where it can best be seen |
| Actions to be taken when operating a vessel in restricted visibility such as fog or haze including adaption of speed and use of sound signals | immediately reduce speed to a minimum safe level, maintain a sharp lookout, and use appropriate sound signals regularly, including a prolonged blast every 2 minutes for a sailing vessel underway, which is a long blast followed by two short blasts |
| Describe the appearance and purpose of the 'Diver Down' flag | Orange with a diagonal white stripe, "vessel engaged in diving operations" |
| Describe the appearance and purpose of the 'Alpha' flag | White square with blue K, "vessel engaged in diving operations" |
| Describe common anchor types, major considerations for anchorage selection, and proper scope for short term and overnight anchoring as well as storm conditions | Bruce, Danforth, Plow. Design and nature of the bottom. Scope is generally 7:1 or (d+h)x7. |
| Describe the three stages of hypothermia | Mild, moderate, severe |
| Describe two methods for getting a person out of the water and safely back on board the vessel | using a buoyant heaving line to pull the person alongside the boat, then assist them to climb aboard, and positioning the boat to approach the person from downwind on a broad reach, allowing them to grab a ladder or swim platform if available |
| Identify common sources and prevention of fires and/or explosions as well as appropriate actions to be taken if these situations arise. | Electrical, galley, diesel. Keep stowed away. Vent fumes. Wipe spills. |
| Describe different types of fires and procedures for operating a fire extinguisher | Class A, B, and C fires; Pull the pin at the top of the extinguisher, Aim: Point the nozzle at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent, Sweep the nozzle from side to side at the base of the fire until it's out |
| Describe immediate actions to be taken when the cabin is filling with water | activate the bilge pump, locate and plug the source of the leak, and if the situation is severe, prepare to abandon ship by donning life jackets and sounding a distress signal |
| Describe immediate actions to be taken when the steering system fails | check if the autopilot is engaged, attach emergency tiller, assess the rudder's functionality, use the emergency tiller to maintain course and avoid hazards; if necessary, consider deploying a sea anchor to stabilize the vessel while repairs are attempted |
| Describe immediate actions to be taken when the propeller fouls | slow the engine, take it out of gear, and stop it; If the rudder is lost, you should call for help and be prepared to set the anchor if necessary |
| Describe immediate actions to be taken when the running or standing rigging fails | lower affected sail carefully, assess damage, replace the broken rigging, head to a harbor or sheltered area to make repairs, consider calling for assistance if the damage is severe or poses a safety risk |
| Describe immediate actions to be taken when the anchor is dragging | inform the skipper, attempt to increase the scope of the anchor chain by letting out more line if possible; if not, haul the anchor up and re-anchor in a safer location |
| Describe immediate actions to be taken when grounding at anchor | stop the engine, assess the situation, attempt to free the boat by putting engine in reverse, call for assistance and prepare to deploy emergency equipment if necessary |
| Describe immediate actions to be taken when running aground under sail | ease the sheets and put engine in neutral, check for damage and check crew for injuries, put on lifejackets, try heeling or kedging off |
| Describe immediate actions to be taken when the engine fails | immediately assess the situation, set sail to maintain steerage, and either head towards a safe harbor or find open water to anchor. maintain control of the vessel while assessing the cause of the engine failure and potential repair options |
| Describe the purpose of a figure 8 knot | to stop a line from running |
| Describe the purpose of a square knot | to temporarily join two ropes together, or to secure a line around an object |
| Describe the purpose of a clove hitch | temporarily securing a line to a pole, ring, or other object on a boat |
| Describe the purpose of a round turn and 2 half hitches | fastens a rope to a fixed object |
| Describe the purpose of a cleat hitch | a knot used to attach a line to a cleat, such as when docking a boat |
| Describe the purpose of a bowline | to attach sheets and halyards to sails, and to secure lines to cleats or other objects |
| Name symptoms for mild hypothermia | violent shivering, slurred speech |
| Describe treatment for mild hypothermia | Remove wet clothing, replace with dry clothing, give warm liquids, use a fire or blankets to warm the victim |
| Name symptoms for moderate hypothermia | Loss of muscle control, drowsiness, incoherence, exhaustion |
| Describe treatment for moderate hypothermia | Replace wet clothing and use an external heat source to warm victim |
| Name symptoms for severe hypothermia | collapse, unconsciousness, heart failure, respiratory failure |
| Describe treatment for severe hypothermia | call Coast Guard or any other available source of assistance |
| One short blast | Indicates the vessel intends to leave on its port side |
| One prolonged blast | Indicates the vessel is leaving a dock or slip |
| One prolonged blast plus three short blasts | Indicates the vessel is backing up |
| Five short blasts | Indicates a danger situation |
| Throwable PFDs | Benefits: Provide something for people to grab onto if they fall overboard Examples: Square cushions with armbands, life rings, and horseshoe buoys |
| H.E.L.P. | Heat Escape Lessening Position to prevent hypothermia: hold legs together and clasp arms to chest |
Created by:
dkronebusch
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