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Unit 1 Vocab Terms
AP Human Geography (7 Subsections)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cartography | The science of making maps |
| Map Scale | The relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the feature on Earth's surface |
| Projection | A system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map |
| Interrupted Map | A map that tries to remove distortion by removing parts of the globe |
| Uninterrupted map | A map that displays the entirety of the earth's surface |
| Mercator Map Projection | Projection that is perfect for accurate direction for usage of naval expedition, but there is distortion in size and location of land mass. |
| Goode Homolosine Projection | Projection that does true size and shape of land well, but has distortion in edges of map and is an interrupted map. |
| Robinson Projection | Projection preserves the size and shape of land map but there are distortion near the poles and spreads distortion across whole map |
| Gall-Peters Projection | Projections shows true size well but the shape of land masses are distorted and as well as direction. |
| Reference Map | Informational Maps that show boundaries, names of places (toponym) , and geographic features of an area. |
| Toponym | Name given to a place/location |
| Topographic Map | Type of reference Map, uses contour lines to display terrain and elevation changes in an area. (Closer lines = More elevation) |
| Absolute Direction | Exact Direction a person is heading |
| Relative Direction | Direction given in relation to another object's current location (an approximate location depending on another object) |
| Absolute Distance | Exact distance between two places/objects (measured in miles/kilometers) |
| Relative Distance | Approximate measurement between two places |
| Thematic Map | Map that displays spatial patterns of places and uses quantitative data to display specific topics |
| Cloropleth Map | Map that displays information by using varying colors |
| Proportional Symbol Map | Map that displays information by using differently sized symbols |
| Dot Density Map | Map that displays information by using dots to show where an occurrence is happening, which is spatial distribution. |
| Flow-Line Maps | Map that displays information by drawing differently sized lines. |
| Cartogram Map | Map that displays information by changing relative size based on quantitative data. |
| Spatial Analysis | Process of analyzing patterns and relationships within an area or geographic data (Ex. Distribution of natural resources) |
| Meridians | Multiple arcs drawn on a map between the North and South poles, goes vertically. |
| Equator | 0 degrees latitude. An imaginary circle around the middle of the earth-divides northern and southern hemisphere horizontally. |
| Prime Meridian | The meridian, designated as 0 degrees long., that passes through the North and south pole vertically. |
| Parallels | Circles drawn around the globe parallel to the equator (horizontal) |
| Latitude | Numbering system used to indicate the location of a specific parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator (horizontal) |
| Longitude | Number system used to indicate a specific meridian drawn on the globe measuring distance east and west of the Prime Meridian (vertical) |
| Remote Sensing | Process of collecting information about Earth's Surface from satellites orbiting Earth |
| Geographic Information System (GIS) | Computer System that collects, analyzes, and displays geographic data into layers. |
| Field Observations | First hand Observations by real people that are accurate but can be costly and difficult to obtain |
| Personal Interviews | Collects information by asking different questions to gain insight on a specific area. |
| Media Reports | Media like newspapers and reports can give lots of data about a certain area. |
| Government Documents | Gives insight into cultural values and priorities, as well as different systems that govern a place |
| Travel Narratives | Shows more personal experiences and observations on a first hand account of an area. |
| Landscape/Photo Analysis. | Studying images of different time periods of a certain area can show human impacts of an area over time. |
| Census Data | Data collected through surveys of a whole country's population. Measured population and agriculture are examples of this. |
| Census Tract | Used to understand data at a more local level. |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | Uses satellites to pin-point specific locations and where to go to. |
| Location | Description of a specific place on Earth |
| Site | Description of physical characteristics of a place with exact location (What is the location of NYC like?) |
| Situation | Location of a place in relation to other places (What is surrounding NYC?) |
| Place | Specific point of the Earth's Surface that has one or more unique characteristics |
| Sense of Place | A strong feeling people have to a specific place |
| Placelessness | A place with no uniqueness of feeling associated to it so it lacks a unique identity |
| Spatial Association | Relationships between different objects in an area |
| Spatial Distribution | Includes density, concentration, and patterns observed in a certain area. |
| Concentration | How objects are spread out |
| Density | Amount of objects in an area |
| Pattern | Arrangement of objects in an area |
| Flow | Movement of people, ideas, goods, or service from one to another. |
| Time-Space Compression | Reduction of time it takes for something/someone to get from one place to another;counters distance decay |
| Distance Decay | Effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions (larger distance = less interaction) |
| Diffusion | Spread of characteristics and trends from one place to another |
| Environmental Determinism | Idea that the environment sets possibilities for humans and society |
| Environmental Possibilism | Idea that the environment puts limits on society but people can adjust physical environment to overcome limits |
| Sustainability | Use of Earth's resources in a way to ensure the resources will be available in the future |
| Scale of Analysis | Observation of data at global, national, regional, and/or local scale. |
| Small Scale Map | Map shows a large portion of Earth's surface but has less details in data it's displaying (zoomed out) |
| Large Scale Map | Map that shows less of Earth's surface but has more details in data it is displaying (zoomed in) |
| Region | Geographic area with common characteristics of activity |
| Formal Regions (Uniform regions) | Regions with common attributes defined by economic, political, social or environmental characteristics. |
| Functional Region (Nodal Regions) | Geographic areas that are organized around a node/center point. (nodes can be city centers or local businesses) |
| Perceptual Regions (Vernacular Regions) | Geographic areas that are linked together to people's opinions, attitudes, feelings, or beliefs on region. (Exists in minds) |
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victoriaaphuman
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