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Unit 3: West Africa
Chapter 11
| Artifact | an item left by an earlier culture |
| Jenne-jeno | an ancient West African city built along the Niger River |
| Niger River | the longest river in West Africa, and a kind of trading highway in early times |
| Nok | a people living in West Africa in the 500s B.C.E. who mastered ironworking |
| Sahara | a large, hot desert in North Africa that covers about 3.5 million square miles |
| Sahel | a zone of semidesert, south of the Sahara, where short grasses, small bushes, and a few trees grow |
| Savanna | a vegetation zone of tall grasses and scattered trees, with a long rainy season |
| Smelting | the process of melting ore to produce iron or other metals from it |
| Tribute | payment made by one ruler or country to another for protection or as a sign of submission |
| Surplus | more than what is needed or used; excess, extra |
| Ghana, Mali & Songhai | Three kingdoms that arose in West Africa between about 500 and 1600 C.E. |