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Global 1 Midterm Rev
Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Neolithic Revolution | Transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities |
| domestication | Taming of animals and cultivation of plants for human use |
| civilization | Advanced society with cities, organized government, religion, social structure, writing, and art. |
| river valley civilizations | Early civilizations that developed along river valleys (e.g., Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China). |
| cuneiform | One of the earliest systems of writing, developed by the Sumerians. |
| Code of Hammurabi | One of the oldest written legal codes, created in Mesopotamia. |
| Hieroglyphics | Writing system of ancient Egypt. |
| cultural diffusion | The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another. |
| monotheism | Belief in one god. |
| polytheism | belief in more than one god |
| shaduf | a hand-operated device used to lift water from a body of water for irrigation |
| Classical Civilizations | Societies characterized by advanced institutions, long-lasting cultural achievements, and extensive influence (e.g., Greece, Rome, India, and China). |
| Democracy | A form of government where citizens have the power to govern, seen in ancient Athens. |
| Republic | A form of government in which officials are chosen by the people, seen in ancient Rome |
| Philosophy | Study of knowledge, reality, and existence; associated with figures like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. |
| Silk Road | Network of trade routes connecting China, the Middle East, and Europe. |
| Mandate of Heaven | Chinese belief that royal authority is granted by divine approval. |
| Caste System | Rigid social structure in India based on Hindu beliefs |
| Pax Romana | Period of peace and stability across the Roman Empire. |
| Filial Piety | Confucian concept emphasizing respect for one’s parents and ancestors |
| Paleolithic Era | Old Stone Age, stone tools are used, people are nomadic |
| nomadic | roaming from place to place in search of food and shelter |
| religious tolerance | accepting of others religions |
| hunting and gathering | lifestyle where people obtain food by hunting animals and collecting edible plants, rather than farming or domesticating animals |
| Hellenistic Culture | mix of Greek, Indian, Persian and Egyptian cultures due to the conquests of Alexander the Great |
| Legalism | in order for a ruler to maintain order in society, people must obey a set of strict laws and those in authority |
| historical circumstances | the events or conditions that lead up to an event |
| purpose | reason for which something is done |
| reliability | trustworthiness of a source |
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