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U3C4 - Southwest
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the landscape of the Southwest like? | Hot and dry during summers, which cliffs. |
| WHERE did cliff dwellers build their homes? | On the edge of cliffs that form the walls of the canyons |
| What did the map look like in 1000 CE (first map)? | The region was circular, with Mogollon territories spreading from the bottom of texas, into Mexico, and the Ancestral Pueblos going up to the Rocky Mountains |
| WHAT MATERIAL did they build homes with, and what was the benefit of using that material? | They built homes with adobe, and the thick walls insulated against the heat |
| What is the difference between kivas and grand kivas? | Basic kivas are used for day-to day activities, while grand kivas are for whole communities and ceremonies/rituals |
| What are the three groups that occupied the Southwest region? | The Pueblo, Apache, and Dine |
| How did the map shift from 1000 CE to 1880 CE? | The Apache occupied land in the southeastern direction at the bottom of Texas, and the territory in Mexico decreased. |
| Describe the Pueblo Life (Home/Family 1) | Home/Family 1: Adobe buildings that were built many stories high. They had a stepped structure. Ladders could be pulled up to prevent against attacks. |
| Describe the Pueblo Life (Home/Family 2) | Home/Family 2: Family was very important. Several generations lived in their buildings. Families were organized into clans that managed a specific part of life. They became experts of these topics and passed down the knowledge |
| Describe the Pueblo Life (Religion/Belief) | Religion/Beliefs: Religious beliefs were tied to clans. Each clan had rites and rituals. Believed they should treat their land as sacred and ongoing home of ancestors |
| Describe the Pueblo Life (Agriculture/Resources) | Agriculture/Resources: They grew cotton and made clothing. Men wore kilts, women wore dresses. Their clothes could be dyed many colors and decorated |
| Describe the Pueblo Life (Trade/Connection) | Trade/Connection: Their economy depended on trade with other nations. Each nation had goods that were ready for trading. |
| Describe the Apache Life (Home/Family 1) | Home/Family 1: They spoke the Athabaskan languages originally from Canada and Alaska. Their families can be traced through their mothers. They lived in small groups and were nomads |
| Describe the Apache Life (Home/Family 2) | Home/Family 2: Their homes were tepees or huts (wickiups). These were easy to assemble and could be adapted for hot or cool weather. This fit their nomadic lifestyle |
| Describe the Apache Life (Agriculture/Resources) | Agriculture/Resources: They were mostly hunters and gatherers |
| Describe the Apache Life (Trade/Connection) | Trade/Connection: They traded, but also raided nearby settlements to steal goods, |
| Describe the Apache Life (Government) | Government: Extended families were led by chiefs. The position was earned with respect and good decisions. |
| Describe the Apache Life (Religion/Beliefs) | Religion/Beliefs: Religion centered on nature -natural world had a force/energy that could affect good fortune and health. Believed in 4 sacred mountains which were very important connections |
| Describe the Apache Life (Resources) | Resources: Clothing was made from animal hides. Clothing was decorated with fringe and beadwork. |
| Describe the Dine Life (Trade/Connection) | Trade/Connections: Their language played an important role in WWII when men entered the U.S. military. Their language was used for “codes”. These Code Talkers helped to win the war |
| Describe the Dine Life (Home/Family) | Home.Family: Each family lived in a hogan (home made of logs/stone). The heavy mud kept them cool in the summer, The shape changed overtime |
| Describe the Dine Life (Government) | Government:They were governed through group decision-making within clans. |
| Describe the Dine Life (Religion/Belief 1) | Religion/Beliefs 1: Believed in supernatural beings called “Holy People” They believed these beings had power to influence everyday events. |
| Describe the Dine Life (Religion/Belief 2) | Religion/Beliefs 2: Had singers that are religious figures trained in healing practices. Singers performed to identify illnesses and restore health |
| Describe the Dine Life (Resources) | Resources: Wore clothing made of animal skins and yucca fibers. |
| Describe the Dine Life (Trade/Connections/Resources 1) | Trade/Connections/Resources 1: Sheep were introduced to the region by Europeans which was used for woven rugs of all decorations. |
| Describe the Dine Life (Trade/Connections/Resources 2) | Trade/Connections/Resources: Silver was introduced by the Spanish, which was used for jewelry and learned silversmithing skills |
| Describe what the Navajo Yei Rug Shows | The rug shows the holy people in some kind of ritual. These were used as rugs or hung on walls to bring fortune and health. |
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