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Ap world
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bessemer process | method for mass-producing steel |
| assembly | production method with sequential tasks |
| mechanization | use of machines to replace manual labor |
| petroleum | natural resource; oil |
| cotton | machine that separates cotton fibers from seeds |
| steam engine | machine converting steam power into mechanical energy |
| steamship | ship powered by steam engines |
| telegraph | device for instant communication over long distances |
| nobility | aristocracy |
| Declaration of Independence | document declaring the 13 colonies' separation from Britain |
| Toussaint Louverture | leader of the Haitian Revolution |
| Reign of Terror | period of widespread panic and executions in France |
| nationalism | ideology centered around loyalty to one's nation or shared identity, often leading to the exclusion of others; in this case to push out colonizers and establish independence |
| Simon Bolivar | Latin American revolutionary leader |
| estate | social class division in France |
| creoles | mixed peoples in Latin America, seeking for more representation/power |
| peninsulares | Spaniards living in Latin America; at the top of the social class |
| King Louis XVI | French monarch whose abuse of power stirred the French Revolution |
| Storming of the Bastille | violent attack on a French prison, marking the beginning of the French Revolution |
| Montesquieu | separation of powers, checks and balances |
| Voltaire | freedom of speech, religious tolerance |
| Locke | natural rights, government contract |
| Wollstonecraft | feminism |
| Rousseau | people are naturally good and the government should exist based on the general will of the people |
| Deism | belief that the creator of the world does not interfere with human affairs |
| abolitionism | movement to end slavery |
| suffrage | right to vote |
| natural rights | Rights all humans are born with, such as life, liberty, and property. |
| liberalism | philosophy advocating for individual freedoms and constitutional government |
| Enlightenment | philosophical and intellectual movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries |
| social contract | theory that people give up some freedoms in return for the government protecting them |
| empiricism | The belief that knowledge comes from experience and observation |
| Declaration of the Rights of the Man and the Citizen | document asserting individual rights during the French Revolution |
| clergy | religious officials such as bishops, priests |
| water frame | water-powered spinning machine |
| spinning jenny | machine that spins multiple spools of thread simultaneously |
| specialization of labor | workers focusing on specific production tasks |
| James Watt | improved steam engine technology |
| agricultural revolution | innovations in farming that increased food production immensely |
| interchangeable parts | standardized standardized that could be replaced easily |
| urbanization | growth of cities as people move to work in factories |
| textile industry | sector producing cloth and fabric |
| Industrial Revolution | transition to new manufacturing processes using machines |
| division of labor | assigning specific tasks in production to workers |
| cottage industry | system where goods were made by hand at home |
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