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ASA 101
Sailing 101
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hull | the watertight structural shell that provides sideways resistance to counter the force of the wind on the sails |
| Deck | the horizontal surface that covers the top of the hull |
| Transom | the flat surface at the stern of a sailboat that closes the hull |
| Keel | the lowest point of its hull, and it provides strength, stability, and prevents the boat from drifting sideways in the water |
| Mast | a spar standing vertically from the deck and supporting a sail |
| Boom | a pole that runs along the bottom of a sailboat's mainsail |
| Gooseneck | special hinge that connects the boom to the mast |
| Bow | the front of a boat |
| Stern | the back of the boat |
| Helm/Tiller/Wheel | the steering area/mechanism on a boat |
| Rudder | a fin-shaped appendage attached beneath the boat toward the stern which can be rotated to change the angle at which the water strikes it |
| Cockpit | the area of the boat, usually recessed into the deck, from which the boat is steered and sailed |
| Cabin | an enclosed area on a boat |
| Standing Rigging | the cables and supports for the mast and other spars in place even when the boat is not under sail |
| Shroud | cables that provide sideways (beam) support to the mast |
| Spreader | struts attached to the mast and shrouds; used to create a more effective angle of support for the mast |
| Chainplate | a fitting in the deck used to attach shrouds and stays |
| Headstay | cable running from the top of the mast to the bow - part of the standing rigging |
| Forestay | a piece of standing rigging which keeps a mast from falling backwards |
| Backstay | cable running from the top of the mast to the stern - part of the standing rigging |
| Stanchion | a metal post that supports lifelines |
| Lifeline | a wire supported on stanchions around the perimeter of the deck to prevent crew from falling overboard |
| Pulpit | a guardrail at the bow or stern of a boat to which (usually) the lifelines are connected |
| Winch | a device that provides mechanical advantage when handling large loads on lines |
| Cleat | a device for securing a line |
| Block | a pulley |
| Mainsail | the primary sail on a sailboat |
| Jib | a smaller triangular sail set forward of the mast |
| Head | the top corner of the sail |
| Tack | the bottom, forward corner of a sail |
| Clew | the bottom, aft corner of a sail |
| Foot | the bottom edge of a sail |
| Luff | a sail's forward edge that is attached to the mast |
| Leech | the sail's back (aft) edge |
| Downhaul | a line used to tension the luff of a sail by pulling down on the boom at the gooseneck |
| Cunningham | a line used to tension the luff of a sail |
| Genoa | a headsail (jib) that is so large it overlaps the mast |
| Batten | slats used to maintain the desired shape of a sail |
| Batten Pocket | pockets in which battens are inserted |
| Bolt Rope | a rope sewn into the edge of a sail; often used to attach it to the mast or boom |
| Hank | a metal clip or fabric tab used to attach a sail's luff to a stay |
| Running Rigging | the lines used to control the trim and shape of the sails |
| Halyard | line used to raise a sail |
| Mainsheet | the line used to control the main boom and thus also to trim the mainsail |
| Jibsheets | lines attached to the clew of a jib used to adjust its angle to the wind |
| Boom Topping Lift | a rope or wire that supports the boom when the sail isn't set that runs from the top of the mast to the aft end of the boom |
| Boom Vang | a block and tackle system used to prevent the boom from being lifted upwards when the mainsheet is eased |
| Telltale | a short length of light yarn or similar material attached to a sail to indicate the flow of air across it and thus the state of the sail's trim |
| Outhaul | changes the depth of the draft of the mainsail |
| Traveler | a device that allows for changing the position of where the mainsheet tackle connects to the boat |
| Shackle | a fastening device used to connect lines or cables to a piece of hardware |
| Roller Furler | a mechanism for furling a sail by rolling it around its stay |
| Port | the left side of the boat when facing forward |
| Starboard | the right side of the boat when facing forward |
| Forward | towards the front or bow of a boat |
| Aft | towards the rear or stern of a boat |
| Beam | the region of the boat's sides halfway between bow and stern |
| Ahead | in front of the bow |
| Astern | behind the stern |
| Abeam | off the boat at right angles to its centerline |
| Windward | the side of the boat moving towards the wind |
| Leeward | the side of the boat moving away from the wind |
| Draft | the depth of a boat below waterline |
| Freeboard | the height of hull above waterline |
| Heel | to lean sideways under the pressure of the wind on the sails |
| Weather Helm | the side of the boat facing the wind |
| Skipper | the person in charge of the boat |
| Helmsman | the person at the helm of the boat |
| Crew | the people working the boat |
| Head-to-Wind | the point at which the boat is neither on port tack or starboard tack and is headed directly into the wind |
| No-Sail Zone | a 90-degree area directly into the wind where it's physically impossible for a sailboat to sail |
| Close-Hauled | a point of sail where a boat is oriented as close to the wind as possible, usually at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees off the wind |
| Close Reach | a point of sail where the wind is in front of the boat's beam, and the boat is sailing at an angle slightly away from the wind |
| Beam Reach | a point of sail where the wind is blowing directly across the boat, or perpendicular to it |
| Broad Reach | a point of sail in which the wind is coming from behind the boat, or aft of abeam, at a 135° angle |
| Run | the point of sail on which the wind is aft |
| Sailing-by-the-Lee | when a boat sails downwind with the wind blowing over the leeward side of the boat |
| In Irons | a term used to describe when a boat is going straight into the wind |
| Luffing | when a sailboat's sails flap or "luff" because the airflow over the sails is disrupted |
| Port Tack | when the wind is blowing from the port side of a sailboat, and the boom is on the starboard side |
| Starboard Tack | when the wind blows over the starboard (right) side of a boat, and the boom is on the port (left) side |
| Tacking | turning a boat's bow through the wind to change the side of the boat that faces into the wind |
| Jibing | turning the stern of a sailboat through the wind, which changes the wind from one side of the boat to the other |
| Stand-On | a term used in navigation rules to describe a vessel that must maintain its course and speed |
| Give-Way | a boat that must maneuver to avoid a collision with another vessel |
| "Heading Up" | command to notify crew that you are turning the bow of the boat toward the wind |
| "Bearing Away" | command to notify crew that you are turning the bow of the boat away from the wind |
| "Ready About", "Ready", "Helms A-Lee" (or "Coming About" or "Tacking" | The communication sequence for tacking |
| "Prepare to Jibe", "Ready", "Jibe-Ho" (or "Jibing") | The communication sequence for jibing |
| Look-out (Rule 5) | every vessel must maintain a proper lookout at all times |
| Sailing vessels with the wind on different sides (Rule 12ai) | the vessel with the wind on its port side must keep out of the way of the other vessel |
| Sailing vessels with the wind on the same side (Rule 12aii) | the vessel that is closer to the wind (upwind) is the give-way vessel, while the vessel that is further from the wind (downwind) is the stand-on vessel |
| Sailing vessel on port tack cannot determine windward sailing vessel's tack (Rule 12aiii) | if a sailing vessel on port tack cannot determine the tack of a windward sailing vessel, it must give way to the windward vessel |
| Overtaking (Rule 13) | the overtaking vessel must keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken |
| Power-driven vessels approaching each other head-on (Rule 14) | when two "power-driven vessels" (boats with engines) are approaching each other head-on, both vessels must alter their course to starboard |
| Power-driven vessel with another power-driven vessel on starboard side (Rule 15) | when a power-driven vessel is crossing another power-driven vessel on its starboard side, the vessel on the starboard side must keep out of the way and avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel if possible |
| Describe appropriate actions to be taken when sailing in the vicinity of commercial traffic, including responding to a danger signal | stay clear of large vessels, avoid crossing in front of them, alter course if necessary, take evasive action if a danger signal is heard |
| Red Lateral Markers | Keep this marker on your right (starboard) side when proceeding in the upstream (returning from sea) direction. Even numbers will be displayed and will increase as you head upstream. |
| Green Lateral Markers | Keep this marker on your left (port) side when proceeding in the upstream (returning from sea) direction. Odd numbers will be displayed and will increase as you head upstream. |
| Can Buoys | cylindrical-shaped markers that are always green in color, with odd numbers |
| Nun Buoys | cone-shaped markers that are always red in color, with even numbers |
| Daymarks | Green squares with odd numbers are the equivalent of can buoys. Red triangles with even numbers are the equivalent of nun buoys. |
| Junction/Preferred Channel Marker | You may pass this marker on either side when proceeding in the upstream direction, but the main or preferred channel is indicated by the color of the top-most band. |
| Safe-Water Buoys | have vertical red and white stripes and a ball at the top and are deployed in deep water where they can be safely approached from all sides |
| List the federally required equipment for a recreational sailboat of 25-feet in length | life jackets, a throwable PFD, visual signal, sound signal, fire extinguisher |
| Red Navigation Light | light on the port side to be shown at night |
| Green Navigation Light | light on the starboard side to be shown at night |
| White Navigation Light | light in the back of the boat to be shown at night |
| Float Plan | an intended sailing plan given to someone that includes your destination and when you expect to return |
| When and to whom should a boating accident be reported? | If the accident results in an injury, death or sigificant damage to property. In the U.S. accidents are reported to the state through the city or county police or sheriff. |
| What is the Federally allowed blood alcohol limit for vessel operation? | .08 percent |
Created by:
dkronebusch
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