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Psychology
Psychological Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define psychological disorder | It is the characteristic pattern of abnormal thoughts, feelings, or behavior, which causes distress for the afflicted individual and impairs his or her daily life |
| What is the biomedical approach to psychological disorders? | It assumes that all distress and disability are grounded primarily in certain biomedical factors; used today |
| Why is the biological approach to psychological disorders considered to be narrower than other approaches? | - It is fairly limited in its overall effectiveness b/c this approach fails to acknowledge external factors that may be relevant to the disorder such as lifestyle choices, etc. |
| What is the biopsychosocial approach to psychological disorders? | - It assumes that there are important psychological and social components to any disorder in addition to biological influences - It is a much broader model of evaluating psychological disorders |
| What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? | - It is a mental illness characterized by feelings of anxiety that are out of proportion to the individual's everyday problems - It doesn't prevent an individual from having a normal career & life, but it does make these things very difficult |
| What is a panic disorder? | -It is marked by repeated panic attacks that cripple normal living -They are unexpected sudden onset of terror, an increased heart rate, faintness, weakness, and tingling in the hands |
| What is a phobic disorder? | It is an extreme, irrational fear toward a specific stimulus |
| What are the different treatments for a phobic disorder? | - Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) focuses on patients own realization of their irrationality and dysfunctional thoughts - Systematic desensitization, it is used gradually exposing the individual to the stimulus |
| What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)? | -It is repeated obsessions and compulsions. An obsession is an unreasonable & repeated thought that leads to compulsion, repeated behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety -No known cause |
| What is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? | -It develops after a person is exposed to a traumatic event - People with PTSD experience symptoms for years that interfere with their daily lives |
| What are the most common medications given for anxiety disorders? | -Antidepressants -Antianxiety drugs such as benzodiazepines which helps to combat anxiety -Beta-blockers which are used to prevent physical symptoms associated with anxiety (EX: increased heart rate) |
| What is major depression? | -It is when someone has a low mood & lack interest in activities that once seemed enjoyable for majority of a two week period -It influences how a person thinks, perceives, & behaves, thereby negatively affecting their normal life |
| What is the other name for major depression? | Clinical depression |
| What is persistent depressive disorder? | -It is a depressed mood that lasts the majority of the time for two or more years - Also experiences periodic episodes of major depression |
| What is bipolar depression? | -It is the cycling of intense mood changes ranging from extreme highs (mania) to extreme lows (depression) -It is a life long mental illness that tends to occur intermittently -No cure, just gotta work on controlling mood swings |
| What is another name for bipolar disorder? | Manic-depressive illness |
| What is cyclothymia? | It is a mild form of bipolar disorder with episodes of hypomania (less serve episodes of mania) & depression lasting for at least two years |
| What is the monoamine theory of depression? | It contends that the mood disorder is associated with a decreased activity of serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine |
| What is the neuroplasticity theory of depression? | It proposes that the process associated with a neuron's ability to adapt (strengthen and modify existing synapses) are disrupted in depressive disorders |
| What are somatoform disorders? | -It is a disorder characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be attributed to a physical cause, substance abuse, or another mental illness - No known causes for physical symptoms |
| What is somatization disorder? | It is a long-term condition characterized by physical symptoms in more than one part of the body, without physical cause |
| What is conversion disorder? | -It is when neurological symptoms appear without medical cause -It is believed to be the physical manifestation of psychological stress - In most causes it appears immediately after a traumatic stressful event |
| What is hypochondriasis? | It is a mental illness in which people believe that they suffer from a serious illness in the absence of an actual medical condition |
| What is body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)? | It is a psychological disorder characterized by an excessive concern over a physical flaw |
| What is pain disorder? | It is a psychological condition marked by a chronic pain in one more areas of the body without neurological or physiological basis |
| What are dissociative disorders? | It is characterized by the disruption. of memory, awareness, identity, or perception |
| What is dissociative identity disorder? | -It is a mental disorder characterized by two or more distinct identities that alternatively control a person's behavior -Still no clear consensus regarding its diagnosis or treatment |
| What is dissociative amnesia? | It's the severe impairment of memory recall usually following a stressful or traumatic event. The disorder is characterized by an inability to remember info about one's self & past experiences, which can last for minutes to years |
| What is the difference between dissociative amnesia and amnesia? | Amnesia is a general term for the partial or total forgetting of an experience or event, while dissociative amnesia is a type of amnesia that's caused by emotional shock or trauma |
| What is depersonalization disorder? | - It is the recurrent detachment from one's self or surroundings - Characterized by a feeling that you are watching yourself from outside your body or that things around you are not real |
| What is a personality disorder? | It is a persistent, inflexible , & maladaptive pattern of behavior that deviates dramatically from what is culturally expected |
| Cluster A personality disorders are odd & eccentric. What are the different Cluster A disorders? | Paranoid PD, Schizoid PD, and Schizotypal PD |
| Cluster B personality disorders are dramatic and emotional. What are the different cluster B disorders? | Antisocial PD, Borderline PD, Histrionic PD, and Narcissistic PD |
| Cluster C personality disorders are anxious & fearful. What are the different cluster C disorders? | Avoidant PD, Dependent PD, and Obsessive-Compulsive PD |
| What is schizophrenia? | -It is a brain disorder characterized by an abnormal interpretation of reality accompanied by disorganized & disturbed thoughts, emotions, & behaviors - Is a chronic condition |
| Define positive symptoms of schizophrenia and state the symptoms | -Extra behaviors or feelings that are not experienced by healthy people -Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, & disorganized behavior |
| What is the most common subtype of schizophrenia? | Paranoid schizophrenia |
| Define disorganized schizophrenia | It is characterized by affective flattening, disorganized thoughts, and behaviors |
| Define catatonic schizophrenia | It is characterized by a dramtic reduction in movement to the point of immobility & agitated resistance to changing positions, or a dramtic increase of excessive & purposeless movement |
| Define undifferentiated schizophrenia | It lacks distinct, predominant, or persistant symptoms |
| What are the primary biological factors involved in schizophrenia? | - Dopamine hyperactivity: has 6x the normal amount of dopamine receptors - Genetics |
| What is Parkinson’s disease? | It is a progressive nervous system disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantial nigra of the basal ganglia |
| What are the most common symptoms of Parkinson’s disease? | T- tremor at rest R- rigidity of muscles A- akinesia (loss or impairment of voluntary movement) P- posture stooped |
| What is persistent depressive disorder? | - It is a depressed mood that lasts the majority of the time for two or more years - Also experience periodic episodes of major depression |
| What are Lewy bodies? | It is an abnormal accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein bound to ubiquitin that is found within damaged dopaminergic neurons |
| What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia? | - Appears as a lack of reduction of normal behaviors and feelings, often including affective flattening, anhedonia, avolition, and catatonia |
| Define paranoid personality disorder | Characterized by a pervasive suspicion & distrust of others |
| Define schizoid personality disorder | Characterized by a deeply detached, unemotional, & introspective lifestyle; often apathetic with few friends, family, & poor social skills |
| Define schizotypal personality disorder | Typically characterized by eccentric behaviors, perceptions, social anxiety, & magical thinking-beliefs that are grounded in fantasy or superstition; high likelihood of developing schizophrenia |
| Define antisocial personality disorder | Characterized by disregarded for others, impulsive, & aggressive behavior, & lack of conscience; male > female |
| Define borderline personality disorder | Characterized by unstable moods, behavior, self-image, & emotions; strong fear of abandonment; females 2x more likely than males |
| Define histrionic personality disorder | Constantly seeking attention, easily susceptible to peer pressure, posses dramatic, but shallow & rapidly changing emotions |
| Define narcissistic personality disorder | Characterized by a lack of empathy, sense of entitlement, inflated sense of self-importance |
| Define avoidant personality disorder | Characterized by extreme shyness, sensitivity to criticism, & rejection, & strong feelings of inadequacy |
| Define dependent personality disorder | Characterized by a lack of self- confidence & persistent need for reassurance & encouragement |
| Define Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder | Characterized by extreme preoccupation with rules, order, details, & control |
| Define affective flattening? | A reduction in emotional expression & is often characterized by a blank face & monotonous voice |
| Define anhedonia | One’s inability to experience pleasure |
| Define avolition | Reduction of motivation |
| Define catatonia | State of immobility & sustaining awkward positioning |
| Define oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) | It is defined by a pattern of hostile, disobedient, and defiant behaviors directed at adults or other authority figures |
| What are somatic symptoms? | It is physical sensations or bodily experiences that are not typically caused by a known medical condition |
| What are examples of somatic symptoms? | Pain (e.g., headaches, back pain, chest pain), fatigue, dizziness, nausea, shortness of breath, palpitations, numbness or tingling, gastrointestinal issues (e.g., abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea), and changes in vision or hearing |
| What can cause somatic symptoms? | Psychological stress or anxiety, trauma, medical conditions (e.g., chronic pain, fibromyalgia), substance abuse, and somatic symptom disorder (a mental health condition characterized by excessive preoccupation with physical symptoms) |
Created by:
Gabbgabb04
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