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Research Methods
Research Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Moderating variable | It is one that affects the strength of a relationship between separate independent and dependent variables |
| Define Mediating variable | - It is one that “explains” the relationship between independent and dependent variables. - EX: location would need to explain how carbohydrate-heavy diets relate to the visual deficiency in question |
| Define Cofounding | It can be thought of as factors stemming from the failure to properly control an experiment |
| Define external validity | How well the experimental results may be generalized to other situations |
| What does the p-value have to be to be considered statistically significant? | Less than 0.05 |
| Define retrospective chart review | It is a research method that uses existing patient data to answer questions |
| Define prospective chart review | It is a research method that evaluates patient data that hasn't yet been collected when a project is submitted to an Institutional Review Board (IRB) |
| Define embedded field study | If the researcher posed as a patients for example |
| Define longitudinal study | It consist of analysis of participants over time |
| Define continuous variable | It is a value that can take on an infinite number of values within a range |
| Define cofounding variable | It is one that is not typically of interest to the researcher but is an extraneous variable that is related to BOTH the dependent and independent variables |
| Explain cross-sectional research | It occurs at a single point in time and examines one variable between different groups that are similar in all other aspects |
| What is an example of a cross-sectional study? | One could measure and compare memory performance between 20-year-olds who heavily exercise, moderately exercise, or don't exercise at all |
| Define case control design | It compares information about individuals with a disease or condition against people without the disease or condition |
| What is a cohort design? | It is a specific protocol in which healthy candidates are recruited, and their exposure to risk factors and disease outcomes are tracked as a means of correlating the two |
| Define reconstructive bias | It is a type of bias related to memory |
| Define social desirability bias | It is a type of bias related to how people respond to research questions |
| Define response bias | It is inaccurate responding by participants who provide self-reports in a study |
| Define attrition bias | It occurs when participants drop out of a long-term experiment or study |
| Define criterion validity | It refers to whether a variable is able to predict a certain outcome |
| Define randomization | It refers to the sample of participants being selected so that everyone in the population had an equal chance of being selected |
| Define construct validity | It is the degree to which a measurement tool accurately assesses a theoretical concept |
| What are case studies? | They are typically extensive interviews or reports about the experience of one specific person EX: someone who was accused by Internet vigilantes but was later proven innocent |
| Define quantitative research | It involves the use of tests or questionnaires to produce numerical scores that can be evaluated statistically |
| Define qualitative research | It is used to gather in-depth information about a specific research question, and often involves the use of focus groups or interviews in order to better understand phenomena |
| Define naturalistic observational research | It involves observing participants in their everyday lives EX: researchers could monitor a chat room after a violent event and see how people respond |
| Define quasi-experiments | Design has at least 2 diff groups of individuals who are assigned to diff conditions. Results of the intervention and control groups can then be compared |
| Define researcher bias | Occurs when a researcher has a systematic influence on the results of a study |
| Define test-retest bias | It can happen when individuals complete the same assessment more than once, which affects their responses on subsequent assessments |
| Define content validity | It refers to whether a measure assesses what researchers intend for it to assess |
| Define internal validity | It refers to the degree to which causal conclusions can be drawn from a study, which can include accounting for potential confounding variables |
| Define thinning | It refers to reducing the frequency of rewards for a given action |
Created by:
Gabbgabb04
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