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Unit One
Emergence of the Modern World. World Religions and Early Empires
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Middle East | birthplace of several world religions; includes parts of northern Africa and Southeast Asia |
| Monotheism | belief in one god |
| Polytheism | belief in many gods |
| Judaism | Monotheistic religion founded over 4,000 years ago and is the original Abrahamic faith. |
| Christianity | Monotheistic religion originating in Judea centering on life and teachings of Jesus Christ. |
| Islam | Monotheistic religion originating on the Arabian Peninsula, founder Muhammad. |
| Hinduism | Polytheistic religion originating on the Indian subcontinent, no single founder. |
| Buddhism | Spiritual tradition focused on development and attainment of nirvana, founder Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha). |
| Confucianism | a philosophy and way of life that emphasizes kindness, respect, and mutual understanding |
| Hajj | Muslims pilgrimage to the sacred city of Mecca |
| Torah | The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible. Words revealed to Moses by God on Mount Sinai – also included Old Testament of the Christian Bible |
| Quran | The central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. |
| Caste System | A political and social system in India. People are born into separate castes that dictate their role in life. |
| Eight Fold Path | Buddhist guide to living right. |
| Nirvana | A state of perfect peace in which the soul would be free from suffering forever. |
| Five Pillars | Foundations of Muslim belief. Faith, Prayer, charity, fasting and hajj. |
| Reincarnation | the process of being reborn after you die. |
| Karma | The consequence of all actions of a person in their current and previous lives. |
| Dharma | Your duty or role in life. |
| Religious Tolerance | The ability to accept other religious beliefs and practices. |
| Timbuktu | Center of trade and learning that rose to prominence and helped spread of Islam throughout North Africa |
| Silk Road | Trade routes from China to Western Asia and then Europe. Transfer of goods like silk, tea and disease from China to other countries. |
| Indian Ocean Trade | Connected trade between Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Helped spread new ideas, like Buddhism, and trade goods from these regions. |
| Trans-Saharan Trade | A network of trade routes that crossed the Sahara Desert. This network was key in the transport of gold, salt and ivory. |
| Mansa Musa | Mali ruler who created Timbuktu and was richest ruler |
| Ibn Battuta | 14th century traveler who visited most of the Islamic world |
| Zheng He | Chinese admiral who led seven voyages of exploration during the Ming Dynasty |
| Civil Service Exam | Chinese exam that sought to rid the government of corruption and give positions based on ability |
| Censorship | Government tactic of keeping people from hearing or seeing information |
| Syncretism | Blending of traditional religions with either Christianity or Islam to create a new religion |
| Janissaries | European Christian boys who were taken by the Ottoman Empire, castrated and turned into elite soldiers |
| Four Noble Truths | the basic beliefs about life, according to the Buddha. |
Created by:
mr_baker
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