Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
U.S History Unit 1-5
Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| criollos | people born in the New World to European parents; illustrated the hierarchies (social status) in the New World. period of colonization (16th- 18th century) |
| mestizo | spanish word for people of mixed Native American & European ancestry. illustrated the willingness of the Spanish to marry Native Americans & the hierarchies in the New World. |
| encomienda | system of officers of the Spanish conquistadors gained ownership of Indian land & used Indians as slave labor attempting to convert them to Catholicism. bad reputation |
| columbian exchange | the massive global exchange of living things between the Old World & the New World, including people, plans, animals, & diseases. this had both positive & negative effects on environments & societies on both sides of the Atlantic. |
| Bartolome de Las Casa | Catholic priest who spoke out against mistreatment of Native Americans in the Spanish colonies. illustrates the debate among European religious and political leaders about the treatment of non-Europeans. |
| Pueblo Revolt aka Pope's Rebellion | uprising in which Pueblo Indians temporarily drove Spanish colonists out of modern-day New Mexico. illustrated Native American resistance toward colonization; caused Spanish to relax their policies concerning Indian labor and conversion. |
| King Philip's War aka Metacom's War | conflict between New England settlers and local tribes; Metacomet (King Philip) led his tribe in attacks on several settlements. Native Americans were trying to curb English settlement and expansion. Metacomet's death led to the defeat of his tribe |
| indentured servants | settlers who signed on for a temporary period of servitude to a master in exchange for passage to the New World. (1607-1680s) brought many English and German settlers to the New World, but ended in the 1680s when planters shifted to African slavery. |
| joint-stock company | financial organization which a number of investors pooled their capital & then received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their shape of the total investment; utilized by Dutch and English merchants, facilitated the English colonization. |
| metis | French word for person of mixed Native American and European ancestry; illustrated the willingness of the French to marry Native Americans |
| middle passage | the route that traders used to transport slaves to the New World, conditions on the slave ships were brutal; illustrated the fact that slaves were considered property or cargo rather than human beings |
| triangular trade aka trans-Atlantic trade | trade route which emerged between Europe, Africa, & the Americas; (17th century) route supplied slave labor & finished products to the colonies & wealth to England. became increasingly dependent on each other |
| deism | religious philosophy which emphasized reason, morality, & natural laws. movement away from belief in divine intervention partly inspired the Great Awakening which occurred in England and British colonies. |
| George whitefield | charismatic, itinerant British preacher who brought the Great Awakening to the North American colonies |
| Roger williams | minister who was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because he challenged the Puritan orthodoxy. illustrated the irony that Puritans migrated to the New World to have freedom. founded the bay colony to build a perfect puritan society |
| Chesapeake bay | bay between Virginia & Maryland; first English colony-Jamestown- was settled on this bay & the fertile lands of the surroundings area led to increased settlement & the development of cash-crops plantations in the region. |
| Jamestown | first permanent English settlement in New World(1607) Chesapeake Bay (Virginia) British attempted colonies before (Roanoke) first successful attempt |
| John smith | English military officer who transformed Jamestown from starvation to survival with his strict rules. Jamestown was successful partly because of Smith's efforts |
| John Rolfe | Englishman who discovered tobacco grew in Chesapeake region. (Virginia & Maryland) leading to the prosperity of landowners in the region & success of those colonies |
| plantation | used to describe an entire colony, describes massive farms which were focused on cash crops |
| planter | used to describe people who owned massive farms (plantations) which focused on cash crops |
| headright system | system which colonists could accumulate land by financing the passage of indentured servants. used to meet demand for labor in Chesapeake colonies. limited development of democracy; increased size of the colonial pop. & productivity of its plantations |
| house of burgesses | body of gov. made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.(1619) first representative body in British North American colonies |
| new england | region on the Northeast Atlantic coast of the British North American colonies.(1620) developed differently than the other colonial regions, partly because it was settled mostly by Puritans & environmental conditions |
| protestant revolution | movement that began with Martin Luther's critiques of the Roman Catholic Church & that precipitated on enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics.(1517) colonies were founded primarily by Protestants & their view & values influence |
| puritans aka congregationalists | English religious group that sought to purify the Church of England. founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony under the leadership of John Winthrop in 1630 |
| John winthrop | first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, goal was to make the colony a shining "city on a hill" a beacon of Puritan values for the rest of the world to follow |
| mayflower compact | signed aboard the Mayflower before the Pilgrims landed in Plymouth, document committed the group to a majority-rule government.(1620) first example of self-government in the New England colonies |
| town meetings | Democratic meeting in which male church members would make decisions on behalf of the town. early example of self-government & emerging democratic principles in the New England Colonies. (British North American) |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | colony founded by Puritans fleeing persecution in England. first governor was John Winthrop. wanted to create a perfect Puritan society. values were included by the development of the American identity& culture |
| Rhode island | created by Roger Williams which granted its settlers free exercise of religion. represented a direct contrast to the religious intolerance of the Mass. Bay Colony, & its tolerance gave it a reputation as being a colony of "misfits" |
| Anne hutchinson | Puritan woman who was banished from Mass. Bay Colony because her belief that faith is enough for admission to heaven challenged Puritan orthodoxy; did not allow religious freedom & not a religiously tolerant society. |
| William penn | founder of Pennsylvania(1681) founded the colony as a refuge for Quakers, & their liberal views contributed to the tolerance of the middle colonies |
| quakers aka society of friends | religious group who believed that all persons possessed the "inner light" or spirit of God; they were early proponents of abolition of slavery & equal rights for women, their tolerance contributed to the tolerance of the middle colonies |
| mercantilism | economic policy of mercantilism that counties should do two things to maintain economic power: ensure a favorable balance of trade& collect as much gold & silver. regulate the economies of colonies to benefit the mother county |
| navigation laws/acts | laws that regulated colonial trade passed by the English Parliament to control colonial trade & bolster the mercantile system(1650-1775) salutary neglect-laws went unenforced. enforcement of the acts after the French & Indian War led to growing resentment |
| bacon's rebellion | unsuccessful revolt against Virginia governor William Berkeley's administration. failed to protect settlers from Indian raids & did not allow them to occupy Indian land(1676) led planters to begin using African slaves instead of indentures servants |
| slave codes | laws which were put in place to regulate the institution of slavery in the New England colonies; established slaves as property, perpetuity of slavery,& denied basic political,economic, & social rights to slaves. laws instituted chattel slavery |
| stono rebelion | slaves in South Carolina stolen guns to kill planters & liberate other slaves; (1739) one of the slave rebellions in the New World; led to some colonies passing stricter slave codes |
| repubulicansim | political belief which advocated a government run by representative of the people |
| John Locke | enlightenment thinkers whose ideas of natural rights& social compact influenced the colonists in their decision to declare independence from Great Britain |
| social compact | ideology that the people & gov. are bound by an implicit contract-people agree to be governed as long as the government respects the rights of the people, led to the U.S. to declare independence from Great Britain |
| salutary neglect | describe British treatment of the colonies; England allowed colonies to govern themselves& loosely enforced Navigation Acts regulating the colonial economies. (before the French/Indian War) after which caused conflict between colonists & parliament over r |
| the public sphere | the world of political organizations & debate in private associations & publications outside the control of the government |
| John Peter zenger | New York colonist who was tired for seditious libel after printing a critique of the crown-appointed governor.(1735) found not guilty because his words were factual; this decision allowed publication of criticism if true. first example of freedom of press |
| the enlightenment | revolution that emphasized reason & science over the authority of traditional; people. influenced political ideas like natural rights & social compact & religious ideas like Deism |
| great awakening | fervent religious revival movement spread by evangelical Protestant ministers(1720s-1740s) spread by George Whitefield & Johnathan Edwards.contributed to greater individualism, diversity of religious thought & religious passions in the New England colonie |
| Johnathan Edwards | New England preacher who spread the Great Awakening throughout the New England colonies |
| old lights | conservative ministers opposed the passion displayed by evangelical preachers; they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life. during the Great Awakening (1720s-1740s) |
| new lights | evangelical preachers, many of them influenced by George Whitefield; they decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual & emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth |
| french & Indian war | known as the Seven Years' War, last of four wars fought between England and France for control of N.A. east of the Mississippi Riv. both nations claimed territory in Ohio River Valley.(1754-1763)G.B victory caused the demand for greater financial contribu |
| Albany congress aka Albany plan of union | plan to create a governmental body to unite the colonies together in their fight against the French.proposed by Ben Franklin(1754)only half the colonies showed up to the convention; all of the colonies rejected unity |
| Treaty of Paris of 1763 | treaty that ended the French & Indian War; France lost it's territory in North America(1763) Britain became the dominant power in North America & began to assert more dominance in the colonies |
| Pontiac's Rebellion aka Chief Pontiac's War | conflict between Native Amer. and British/colonial troops in the Ohio River Valley.angry that the English were going on their land(1763) Parliament passed the Proclamation of 1763 in attempt to avoid further conflict in the Ohio River Valley for a time |
| Proclamation of 1763 | issued after prohibiting settlement, surveys, and land grants west of the App. Mts.(1763) the British wanted to avoid conflict with. caused considerable resentment among colonists hoping to move west. |
| virtual representation | Parliament's response to colonists' complaints of "taxation without representation. all British subjects are virtually represented by Parliament, even if they have not voted for a representative(1760s-1770s) led to controversy & debate between colonies |
| Writs of assistance | allowed unlimited search warrants without cause to look for evidence of smuggling.(1760s)colonies' main complaints against Britain leading up to the D.O.I.; 4th Amendment was created to prevent the U.S. government from doing something similar. |
| sugar act | British law efforts to get colonists to stop smuggling and pay it(1764)act enraged New England merchants who opposed both the tax and the fact that accused merchants would now be tried in admiralty courts. |
| admiralty courts | tribunal presided over by a royally-appointed judge, with no jury; used to try colonial merchants accused of smuggling products into and out of the colonies without paying duties. enraged New England merchants who felt that their right were being violated |
| stamp act | passed by Parliament which required that revenue stamps be affixed to printed paper(1765)pay the tax, get a stamp. responded with protest. Stamp Act Congress met to formulate a united response to Parliament and it was repealed the act |
| Stamp Act Congress | body of colonial representatives which met to formulate a united response to the Stamp Act.( 1765) the colonists' response caused Parliament to repeal the act the following year. |
| Committees of Correspondence | communications network established among towns in the colonies; provide for rapid dissemination of news about political developments. (1772-1773)illustrated an early effort at colonial unity against the efforts of Parliament to regulate colonial trade. |
| Son (& Daughters) of Liberty | protest organizations formed by radicals in response to the Stamp Act. |
| Declaratory Act | issued by Parliament to assert its unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies. attempt to show the repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing about the powers G.B had over her colonies(1766) colonists continued to resist & protest |
| Townshend Acts | Parliamentary measures that taxed tea and other commodities(1767)increased colonial resentment toward Parliament. |
| homespun | wool made in the colonies rather than being imported from Great Britain(1760s-1770s)represented a boycott of British cloth and a protest against taxation without representation. |
| Boston Massacre | clash between British soldiers and a Boston mob(five killed)(1770)colonists were harassing the British soldiers and the accidentally opened fire.colonists used this as propaganda to incite anger toward the British soldiers and the British government. |
| Boston Tea Party | colonists dressed as Indians dumped tea into Boston Harbor; Sons the Liberty. to protest the Tea Act of 1773.(1773) illustrated the increasing rebelliousness of colonists against Parliament's laws. |
| Intolerable Acts aka Coercive Acts | Parliamentary measures that forced payment for tea, no colonial trials of British soldiers, forced quartering of British soldiers. in reaction to the Boston Tea Party(1774) illustrated increased tension between Parliament and the British N.A. colonies. |
| First Continental Congress | representatives of the colonies met to formulate actions against British policies and formed the Continental Army(1774) Philadelphia. reaction to the Intolerable/Coercive Acts. illustrated the colonial ability to unite against British tyranny. |
| Second Continental Congress | representatives of the colonies conducted the war against the British and adopted the D.O.I and the A.O.F. (1775) Philadelphia illustrated the colonial ability to unite against British tyranny; served as the central gov. during the War of Independence. |
| Olive Branch Petition | letter from the Sec. Cont.Congress to King George which reaffirmed American loyalty to the British crown. July 1775. evidence that independence was the last resort for the colonists, first goal was to remain part of G.B but secure self-gov. & their rights |
| Declaration of Independence | document which declared and explained the reasons for colonists' independence from Great Britain. drafted by a committee of the S.C.C. primary author Thomas Jefferson |
Created by:
y_chavez08
Popular U.S. History sets