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AP Human Geo. Unit 3
Everything you need to know for the H-gap unit 3 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Material Culture | Physical objects, artifacts, or items that hold significance to individuals or society as a whole |
| Non-Material Culture | Intangible elements of culture, such as an individual's ideas, beliefs, values, languages, and customs |
| Subculture | A group of people within a larger society or culture who share a distinct set pf beliefs, values, and practices that are different from the main culture |
| Modern Culture | Prioritizes individualism and personal achievement, is diverse, and is constantly evolving - Typically originated in economically developed regions and spreads through hierarchical diffusion |
| Folk Culture | Places emphasis on the community, collective experiences, and family and religion play a central role in daily life aims to preserve traditional practices and often resists modern trends - More homogenous and diffuses through relocation diffusion |
| Indigenous Culture | Strong emphasis on community and traditional values, and may have unique languages, artforms, and spiritual benefits that are past down through generations |
| Ethnocentrism | The practice of analyzing or judging a culture by the standards of one's own culture - May lead to xenophobia, prejudice, negative stereotypes, or a general misunderstanding of the culture |
| Cultural Relativism | The practice of analyzing or judging a culture by its own standards |
| Cultural Landscape | Visible human modifications of the natural environment |
| Traditional Architecture | Incorporates local culture and resources of the area into the design |
| Modern Architecture | Often focuses of function over design and dons't incorporate local culture |
| Post modern architecture | Style of architecture that incorporates local culture into the design |
| Sequent Occupancy | How different people, cultures, and organizations have left their mark on a geographic location over time |
| Build Environment | The human-made physical surrounding in an area, it encompasses all the constructed human-made features of a place |
| Sense of Place | The strong emotional connection or perception people have of a specific geographic area |
| Placelessness | When a place does not invoke any strong response from an individual due to the place lacking unique characteristics and identity |
| Placemaking | The process of a community coming together and transforming a public space for different activities or events |
| Centripetal Forces | Aspects of a society that bring people together and promote unity |
| Centrifugal Forces | Aspects of a society that divide people and push them apart |
| Diffusion | The spread of a cultural element, item, group of people, or phenomenon from one place to another |
| Relocation Diffusion | The physical movement of people from one place to another |
| Hearth | The location in which an idea, culture, belief, or item originated |
| Expansion Diffusion | The spread of a cultural trait or group of people from one place to another through person-to-person contact |
| Contagious Diffusion | The spread of cultural trait happens in almost all directions without regard to social class, religion, or other cultural factors |
| Hierarchical Diffusion | The spread of a cultural trait happens through systems that typically center around some form of power |
| Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion | When diffusion starts at the bottom of the power structure and spreads upwards |
| Stimulus Diffusion | When an idea, trait, or innovation spreads from one culture or place to another, but the original idea or trait is adapted to better fir the local culture |
| Lingua Franca | A common language used by individuals whose native language is different |
| Creolization | The process of two cultures/languages coming together to create a new third culture/language (traditionally due to colonization) |
| Diaspora | The dispersion if any people from their original homeland (Often due to forced migration) |
| Silk Road | A network of trade routs that connect china and the Mediterranean from roughly around 130 B.C.E. to 1450 C.E. |
| Distance Decay | The effect of a distance on cultural or spatial interactions - The larger the distance the less interaction |
| Time-Space Convergence | The reduction of time it takes for something or someone to get from one place to another - Counters distance decay |
| Cultural Divergence | When individuals become separated from different aspects of their culture 9May lead people to abandon certain cultural traits) |
| Cultural Convergence | When different cultures merge together to form one mass culture, often times in the form of a modern or global culture |
| Universalizing Religions | Religions that seek to appeal to all people and to spread their teachings and beliefs to as many people as possible |
| Pagodas | Temples that often serve as important cultural and religious landmarks and feature images and statues of Buddha |
| Ethnic Religions | Religions that are primarily centered around specific cultural or ethnic group and often stay in one location, they do not try to convert other people |
| Protolanguage | Old language before written records |
| Language Family | Share a common ancestry |
| Language Branch | Consists of languages that are closely related and have evolved from a common ancestral background |
| Language Group | Made up of different languages that are part of a language branch, share similar vocabulary, and grammar |
| Dialects | Regional variances that occur in the form of language based on local culture |
| Isogloss | A distinct boundary defined by linguistic differences |
| Assimilation | When an individual or group of people adopt the cultural norms and practices of a dominant group in society |
| Acculturation | Where an individual or group adopts and adapts certain cultural traits of another culture |
| Syncretism | When two or more cultures evolve or change over time in a similar manner but remain culturally distinct |
| Multiculturalism | When a society has a large diversity of cultures that co-exist within the society |
Created by:
dracol
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