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Unit 6 Test
Chapter 6 test flashcards
| Battle/Question | Description/Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was Thomas Gage? | A British general that wanted to capture the weapons stored in Concord |
| What was the nickname for the battles of Lexington and Concord? | 'The Shot Heard 'Round the World' |
| Who was victorious at Lexington? | The British |
| When did the war for independence begin? | April 19, 1775 on Lexington green |
| siege | a situation in which soldiers surround a city or fort |
| Battle of Fort Ticonderoga | Americans crossed Lake Champlain down to capture the sleeping Garrison under the command of Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen |
| Battle of Bunker Hill | British overran colonial/minuteman defenses and captured this high ground close to Boston, colonists lost because of their shortage of ammo |
| Battle of Quebec | Americans attack on New Years' Eve and are utterly defeated, led by Benedict Arnold |
| What was Common Sense? | A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that argued in clear and forceful language that the time had come for the colonists to declare their independence |
| Who was Thomas Paine? | a man who served briefly in the Continental Army, but his greatest service was as a propagandist (reached a wide audience because of style and message). Wrote Common Sense and The Crisis |
| What did the second continental Congress accomplish? | created a committee to write a document declaring independence (The Declaration of Independence) |
| 3 main points of the Declaration of Independence | All men possess unalienable rights (i.e. life, liberty, pursuit of happiness), King George III violated the colonists rights, and the colonies had a right to break away |
| Battle of Long Island | William Howe's army pummeled the Americans, without a navy they were forced to abandon New York City |
| Battle of Trenton | In a miraculously successful morning raid, nearly 900 Hessians are captured under Washington's command |
| Battle of Princeton | Americans proved their army could win and held firm position on New Jersey, under the command of Washington |
| Why was Saratoga a turning point in the war? | in Autumn of 1777, American forces defeated and forced surrender on the British army. This crucial victory renewed patriot hopes for independence and secured foreign support (France + Spain) and forever changed the face of the world. |
| Who is General Burgoyne and what did he do? | British general that began with a stunning victory at Ticonderoga before surrendering his army of 6,000 men to American Troops at Saratoga |
| Why is Benedict Arnold considered the hero of Saratoga? | he led a bold charge that forced the British to retreat before being wounded |
| Who was Marquis de Lafayette and what did he do? | A french nobleman who fought alongside Americans, and provided money and influence. He had a father-son like bond with George Washington, as he was only 19 and George and Martha never had children. |
| Who was Thaddeus Kosciuszko and what did he do? | A polish man who trained as a military engineer and artilleryman. He designed fortifications at Saratoga and West Point. |
| Who was Frederich Von Steuben and what did he do? | A prussian man who used training methods on the continental army during winter similar to the boot camp model still used today |
| What was Valley Forge? | Where an already accomplished group (the continental army) stood their ground, honed their craft and became a more professional fighting force. |
| What was Lord Dunmore's proclamation? | It promised freedom to any slaves or indentured servants owned by any patriot masters who fought on the British side of the war |
| What is guerilla warfare? | swift hit and run attacks |
| Who was Francis Marion? | an American general who used guerilla tactics to surprise enemy regiments with great success. Marion helped make South Carolina an unhospitable place for the British. He was also called the 'Swamp Fox'. |
| Where was the final battle? | Yorktown |
| Who was General Cornwallis and what did he do? | a British general who signed orders surrendering his British army to a combined French and American force outside the Virginia tobacco part of Yorktown |
| Why did Cornwallis move his main army to the Yorktown peninsula? | He thought the British fleet could reinforce his position, but the French Navy arrived and drove away the British, also forming a blockade around the peninsula, trapping the British. |
| What were the 3 sections of the Declaration of Independence? | Political theory (Natural Rights), a list of grievances, and a proclamation of Independence (Dissolving the Bonds) |
| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson |
| How did Benjamin Franklin contribute to the Declaration of Independence? | changed some of the wording and made minor edits to Jefferson's writing |
| Who was Counte de Rochambeau and what did he do? | A french army officer who provided valuable expertise in the conducting of the siege at Yorktown |
| Battle of Yorktown | this important victory secured independence for the United States and significantly changed the course of world history |
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