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US II - Unit 6
U.S. Imperialism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Queen Liliuokalani | Queen of the Hawaiian Islands; she opposed annexation by the United States but lost power in a U.S.-supported revolt, which led to the installation of a new government in Hawaii. |
| Imperialism | the policy of extending a nation’s authority over other countries by economic, political, or military means. |
| Alfred T. Mahan | U.S. admiral; he advocated for the creation of the modern U.S. Navy, construction of the Panama Canal, and the annexation of Hawaii and other Pacific islands. |
| William Seward | United States Secretary of State under presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson; he negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia. |
| Pearl Harbor | a United States naval base built in Hawaii in 1887 that became a coaling station for refueling American ships. |
| Sanford B. Dole | American sugar tycoon; he helped overthrow Queen Liliuokalani and later served as president and governor of Hawaii. |
| José Martí | Cuban writer and independence fighter; he was killed in battle but became a symbol of Cuba’s fight for freedom. |
| Valeriano Weyler | Spanish general; he used harsh tactics to put down the rebellion in Cuba. His actions helped fuel calls for American intervention in Cuba. |
| Yellow Journalism | the use of sensationalized and exaggerated reporting by newspapers or magazines to attract readers. |
| USS Maine | a U.S. warship that mysteriously exploded and sank in the harbor of Havana, Cuba, on February 15, 1898. |
| George Dewey | Commander of the U.S. Navy's Asiatic Squadron; he led the attack in the Pacific during the Spanish-American War. |
| Rough Riders | a volunteer cavalry regiment, commanded by Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt, that served in the Spanish-American War. |
| San Juan Hill | the site of a key victory by the American infantry during the 1898 conflict in Cuba with Spain. |
| Treaty of Paris | the treaty ending the Spanish-American War, in which Spain freed Cuba, turned over the islands of Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States, and sold the Philippines to the United States for $20 million. |
| Foraker Act | legislation passed by Congress in 1900, in which the U.S. ended military rule in Puerto Rico and set up a civil government. |
| Platt Amendment | a series of provisions that the United States insisted Cuba add to its new constitution, commanding Cuba to stay out of debt and giving the United States the right to intervene in the country |
| Protectorate | a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power. |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | Self-proclaimed president of the new Philippine Republic in 1899; he fought for Filipino independence from the United States. |
| John Hay | United States secretary of state under President William McKinley; he issued the Open Door notes, which created an open door trade policy with China—no single nation would have a monopoly on trade with any part of China. |
| Open Door Notes | messages sent by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899 to Germany, Russia, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan, asking the countries not to interfere with U.S. trading rights in China. |
| Boxer Rebellion | a 1900 rebellion in which members of a Chinese secret society sought to free their country from Western influence. |
| Panama Canal | an artificial waterway cut through the Isthmus of Panama to provide a shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, opened in 1914. |
| Roosevelt Corollary | an extension of the Monroe Doctrine, announced by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904, under which the United States claimed the right to protect its economic interests by means of military intervention in the affairs of Western Hemisphere nations. |
| Dollar Diplomacy | the U.S. policy of using the nation’s economic power to exert influence over other countries. |
| Francisco "Pancho" Villa | Mexican bandit and revolutionary leader; he led revolts against Carranza and Huerta. He was pursued by the United States but evaded General Pershing. |
| Emilio Zapata | Mexican revolutionary, he led the revolt against Porfirio Díaz in the south of Mexico during the Mexican Revolution. |
| John J. Pershing | American army commander; he commanded the expeditionary force sent into Mexico to find Pancho Villa. He was the major general and commander in chief of the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I. |
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