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1st Sem. Test Review
Review these cards to prepare for the 1st Semester test :)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why were explorers like Columbus sailing west from Europe? | Looking for a sea route to Asia |
| What are the 3 G's? | Reasons for European exploration: Gold (wealth), Glory (expand empires, and God (spread Christian faith) |
| Reasons for French colonies in North America | Trading w/ Native Americans, esp. beaver fur |
| 1620 | Pilgrims and the Mayflower Compact |
| Mayflower Compact (1620) | First "social contract": People agreed to follow the rules for the benefit of the colony. SELF GOVERNMENT!!! |
| Why the Pilgrims, Quakers, and Catholics came to N. America | escaping religious persecution in England |
| John Locke | English philosopher that influenced Thomas Jefferson. Unalienable Rights = life, liberty, and property |
| Thoams Jefferson | Writer of Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) |
| Unalienable rights listed in the Declaration of Independence | Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness |
| Proclamation of 1763 | England told colonists not to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains after the French and Indian War. Early cause of American Revolution. |
| Due Process rights | legal rights guaranteed in Constitution: speedy trial, unbiased jury, access to legal counsel (lawyer) |
| Virginia House of Burgesses (1619) | First legislative assembly in American colonies. SELF GOVERNMENT!!! Washington, Jefferson, etc were members during their careers. |
| English Bill of Rights (1689) | Influenced the Founding Fathers in drafting the Dec of Ind and the 10 amendments to the Constitution (Bill of Rights). Freedom of speech, right to bear arms, etc |
| Federalism | Power in our government is SHARED between the STATES and the NATIONAL GOVT |
| Boston Massacre | violent confrontation between Br. soldiers and American colonists. Fueled anger against Br. occupation of Boston |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | Compromise in Constitution: Three out of every five slaves would count towards a state's population for representation purposes in Congress. |
| Great Compromise | Constitutional Convention, 1787: Senate = 2 members per state, regardless of state's population. House of Reps = members based on state's population. |
| Unalienable Rights | Preamble to the Declaration of Independence. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. |
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | Organized process for land won from Britain after Am.Revolution. Territories could become states. States could not allow slavery. Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, etc |
| Intolerable Acts | Britain punishes the colonies for the Boston Tea Party. Colonists meet (1st Continental Congress) to plan resistance. |
| New England colonies | Rocky soil, cold winters; forests, timber, shipbuilding, fishing. whaling. Deep, natural harbors. Religious freedom for Pilgrims and Puritans. MA, RI, CT, NH |
| Middle colonies | Mild climate and rolling hills; Farming and trade; "America's Breadbasket"; food crops like corn and wheat would help feed other colonies. Quakers. NY, NJ, DE, |
| Southern colonies | Hot, humid climate w/ rich fertile soil. Cash crop plantation agriculture, including slavery. VA, MD, NC, SC , GA |
| 1st Amd rights | RAPPS = Freedom of Religion, Assembly, Petition, Press, and Speech |
| 2nd Amd rights | Right to bear arms |
| 3rd Amd rights | No quartering of soldiers |
| 4th Amd rights | No unreasonable searches and seizures. Police need a Warrant |
| 5th Amd rights | Right to remain silent. Due process rights. Lawyer. No Double Jeopardy (can't be charged for same crime twice) |
| 6th Amd rights | Speedy trial |
| 8th Amd rights | No cruel and unusual punishments, no excessive fines, no excessive bail |
| Federalists | Supported national bank, tariffs, and national govt with more power. Alexander Hamilton |
| Democratic Republicans (Republicans) | Opposed tariffs b/c they believed they harmed farmers and only helped northern manufacturers. Agrarian (farming) mindset. Opposed national bank. Suspicious of large govt. Thomas Jefferson. |
| Washington's Farewell Address | Avoid political parties and foreign alliances. Strive for unity as a nation. |
| Issues that divided Federalists and Democratic Republicans | How much power should the govt have? How should we raise taxes to pay off the debt? Best way to grow economy? |
| Requirements of being a citizen (Touch Down Orange Juice) | pay Taxes, Draft (eligible for military) Obey laws, Jury duty |
| Limited Government (Principle of the Constitution) | Government has to follow the rules; no one is above the law. Power of the govt restrained by laws |
| Popular Sovereignty (Principle of the Constitution) | People have the power; we demonstrate this by voting for our representatives. |
| Federalism (Principle of the Constitution) | Power is shared between the national government and the states |
| Separation of Powers (Principle of the Constitution) | Legislative Branch makes the laws, Executive Branch enforces the laws, and Judicial Branch interprets the laws. |
| Fugitive Slave Act of 1789 | Federal law that said runaway slaves could be returned to owners. Led to start of abolitionist (anti-slavery) movement and Underground Railroad |
| Transatlantic Slave Trade | Slaves brought from Africa to French, Spanish, and English plantations throughout North and South America and the Caribbean islands. Sugar, tobacco, cotton plantations. |
| Main cause of the American Revolution | NTWR! No Taxation Without Representation! Colonies did not have representation in Parliament. |
| Checks and Balances (Principle of the Constitution) | Each branch can "check" the actions of the other branches to prevent abuse of power. |
| Whiskey Rebellion | Pennsylvania farmers upset over tax on whiskey passed by Congress. Washington and Hamilton rode out to peacefully end rebellion. First test of power of the new federal government |
| Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay; Pennsylvania, Maryland | Colonies established for religious freedom for Pilgrims, Puritans, Quakers, and Catholics |
| Louisiana Purchase (1803) | Doubled the size of the US. Purchased from France to get access to port of New Orleans and Mississippi River. Thomas Jefferson. |
| Washington's Farewell Address | 1796; avoid foreign alliances (could lead to war); avoid political parties (divide people), strive for national unity |
Created by:
MrStorgaard
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