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Unit One APUSH
Mrs. Grieve's Unit One APUSH
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Joint-stock company | the company sold shares of stock to finance the outfitting of overseas expeditions |
| Virginia Company | English joint stock company chartered to colonize North America between the 34th and 45th parallels |
| Indentured servants | individuals who sold their labor for a fixed number of years in return for passage to the colonies |
| Headright system | system in which colonists received 50 acres of land for each person whose passage to Virginia he financed |
| Chesapeake region | area around Chesapeake Bay including colonies of Virginia and Maryland |
| Virginia | joint stock colony founded both as a source of profit and as a place for persecuted English Protestants |
| House of Burgesses | first legislative body in the colonies (Virginia) |
| Bacon’s Rebellion | rebellion in Virginia of backcountry farmers against “tidewater elite” of coastal regions; backcountry farmers wanted more political/economic power and more protection from Indian attacks (1676) |
| Proprietary colony | a colony founded as a grant of land by the king to an individual or group of individuals (Maryland, Carolina and Pennsylvania) |
| Maryland | sole proprietorship colony founded as a refuge for persecuted English Catholics |
| Toleration Act of 1649 | granted freedom of worship to all Christians in Maryland (but not Jews) example of early religious toleration |
| Plymouth | New England colony founded by Puritans seeking freedom from religious persecution in England |
| Puritans | dissenters who sought to “purify” the church of England from within and who initially populated much of New England |
| Separatists | those who wanted to break all connections with the Church of England as opposed to most Puritans who believed it was possible to reform the church; Pilgrims were Separatists |
| Roger Williams | founded Providence colony later combined with Portsmouth to form Rhode Island |
| Anne Hutchinson | founded Portsmouth colony later combined with Providence to form Rhode Island |
| Antinomianism | an interpretation of Puritan beliefs that stressed God’s gift of salvation and minimized what an individual could do to gain salvation; identified with Anne Hutchinson |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | first constitution in colonies |
| Half-way Covenant | created to address the problem of too many second generation Puritans drifting away from the church’s influence (secularization of New England society) |
| Great Migration | settlement of over twenty thousand Puritans in Massachusetts Bay and other parts of New England between 1630 and 1642 |
| Restoration colonies | proprietary colonies founded during English Restoration period |
| William Penn | Quaker founder of Pennsylvania who was tolerant of Indians and other faiths (including Jews) |
| James Oglethorpe | proprietor of Georgia colony which was founded as a buffer between English and Spanish and as a place to relieve overcrowding of debtor prisons |
| Mercantilism | economic system in which the purpose was to enrich the mother country by creating a favorable balance of trade that would increase supply of bullion (gold/silver) |
| Navigation Acts | rules for colonial trade that were first passed in 1650 |
| Enumerated goods | colonial goods that could be exported only to England such as sugar, tobacco, cotton and indigo |
| Old South | society that was created by massive influx of slaves in the early 1700s |
| Task system | slave system in which slaves were given certain jobs to be completed in a day; after their jobs were done they were allowed free time |
| Stono Rebellion | most violent slave revolt in history of the 13 colonies (1739) |
| Triangular Trade | part of the mercantilist system; manufactured goods to Africa, slaves to Americas, raw materials to Europe |
| Middle Passage | route in triangular trade that took slaves from Africa to Americas |
| Subsistence farming | farming to support a single family or small group; dominant in New England and southern colonies during the colonial period |
| Patriarchy | male dominated society |
| “Backcountry” | term for the area about 100 miles from the coast; people generally clannish, violent and prone to alcoholism |
| Paxton Boys | vigilante group in central Pennsylvania that murdered 20 peaceful Conestoga Indians in response to Pontiac’s Rebellion in 1763 |
| “Established church” | church that was supported by a colony’s tax money (in colonies both were Protestant) |
| Anglican Church | established church of Virginia |
| Congregational Church | established church of Massachusetts |
| Salem Witch Trials | significant because they signaled the end of Puritan radicalism in New England |
| Great Awakening | emotional religious revival during the 1730s and 1740s amongst ALL colonies |
| Jonathan Edwards | his “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” started the Great Awakening |
| George Whitefield | credited with spreading the ideals of the Great Awakening in the colonies |
| Phyllis Wheatly | freed slave who became first published black American poet; wrote about slavery |
| Pueblo Revolt | revolt of Indians in the Spanish southwest colonies that was caused by Indian discontent with Christianity; crushed by Spanish brutality toward Indians |
| George Washington | young Virginian sent to stop French completion of Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh); surrendered to the French |
| Albany Plan of Union | plan for colonial union developed by Ben Franklin in 1754 to coordinate colonial defense against the French |
| Peace of Paris | signed in 1763 ending the French and Indian War; Britain gained Quebec and Spanish Florida; Spain gained Louisiana |
| Salutary Neglect | British policy of exercising little direct control over colonies and allowing Navigation Acts to go unenforced |
Created by:
bjgrieve
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