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LING: Final Exam
Sociolinguistics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Accommodation | A form of style-shifting whereby one adjusts one’s speech in order to socially or conversationally position oneself in relation to the interlocutors or audience at hand. |
| Adstrate | A language in a contact situation that is roughly socially equal to another language and has about the same amount of prestige. |
| Accent Idiolect | The phonological and phonetic details of a dialect. |
| Bilingual mixed language | A language that results from the fusion of features from two other languages that are both spoken natively by a community. |
| Code-switching | The use of different languages in the same speech exchange, the same utterance, or even the same sentence. |
| Convergence | The use of speech similar to that of one’s interlocutor in order to increase rapport. |
| Covert prestige | The kind of a prestige that a dialect might carry in a smaller community, where speaking it may signal the speaker’s in-group status. |
| Creole | A language that descends from a pidgin but that has full expressiveness and is spoken natively by some. |
| Dialect | The variety of speech used by a region or social group of speakers. |
| Dialect boundary | A collection of isoglosses that track along the same geographic boundary such that a whole dialect is distinguished, not merely a dialectal feature. |
| Dialect continuum | A geographic band of dialects/languages in which neighboring dialects are mutually intelligible but more distant ones are not, which blurs the distinction between dialect and language. |
| Diglossia | A situation where two different languages are spoken within the same community in different social contexts. |
| Divergence | The use of a speech style that is dissimilar from one’s interlocutor in order to increase the social distance between the speaker and the listener. |
| Hypercorrection | The overuse of a form not native to one’s own dialect in an attempt to affect a different dialect. |
| Idiolect | The variety of speech used by a single speaker. |
| Isogloss | A line drawn on a map to represent the geographic border between two dialectal features |
| Language | A collection of mutually intelligible dialects that is itself not mutually intelligible with any other variety of speech |
| Linguistic determinism | The almost universally rejected strong form of linguistic relativity, which supposes that the language one speaks rigorously determines one’s perception of the world, restricting and limiting one’s mental categories. |
| Linguistic relativity | The hypothesis that the language one speaks influences one’s cognition, thought processes, and perception and categorization of objects and ideas in the world. |
| Overt prestige | The kind of a prestige that the standardized dialect of a language carries in the larger overall community. |
| Pidgin | A language used primarily for trade between two linguistic groups that lacks full expressiveness |
| Style-shifting | The use of different linguistic styles in order to express one’s desired identity or to fit into or exclude oneself from a particular group or community. |
| Substrate | A language in a contact situation that is socially inferior and has less prestige. |
| Superstrate | A language in a contact situation that is socially dominant and has greater prestige. |
| Register | Speech which uses jargon and specialized vocabulary associated with a particular occupation or other social environment in order to demonstrate expertise or indicate trustworthiness. |
Created by:
emily.zegarra
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