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Reading Quiz 3

QuestionAnswer
What does beginning the book in a church with a sign saying "Equality, Peace, and Development" set up? It highlights the irony between the ideals of peace and the reality of genocide, where sanctuary and values were violated by violence.
What defines genocide? Genocide is the intent to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group, as seen in Rwanda with the goal of exterminating the Tutsi.
What makes the Rwandan genocide feel distant? It was an intimate violence carried out by neighbors with machetes, unlike the bureaucratic, remote nature of the Holocaust.
What is the moral dilemma of the Rwandan genocide? Who is to blame? The dilemma lies in widespread participation; leadership orchestrated it, but mass involvement complicates blame.
What are the three silences: history, agency, and geography? - History: Ignores historical violence that preceded the genocide. - Agency: Focuses on leadership, neglecting participation by ordinary people. - Geography: Overlooks regional dynamics influencing the genocide.
What is the main objective on page 8? To contextualize the genocide within civil war and power struggles between Hutu and Tutsi elites, emphasizing reconciliation through power reorganization.
What is the logic of settler and native genocide? - Settler genocide: Violence by settlers to eliminate natives. - Native genocide: Natives eliminating settlers. In Rwanda, Tutsi as settlers and Hutu as natives were colonial constructs driving the genocide.
What defines a political identity? Identities shaped by state power and legally enforced, not based on culture or economics.
What makes political identity different from cultural identity? Political identity is legal and power-based; cultural identity is shared language, history, and traditions.
How are political identities maintained? Through laws and state institutions that enforce group membership and relationships.
What are the consequences of settler or native identities? Settlers often have privilege; natives face marginalization, causing social and political tensions.
Describe Rwanda as a halfway house. It blended direct and indirect rule, creating stark racial identities between Tutsi (elite) and Hutu (subjugated).
What does the regional approach reveal? Identities and conflicts in Rwanda were shaped by regional dynamics, not just internal factors.
Explain the Migration Theory. Suggests Tutsi migrated with pastoralism and statecraft, seen as taller and genetically distinct from Hutu.
Explain the Reconceived Migration Theory. Migration was gradual, with peaceful integration and cultural blending over centuries.
How do arguments for origins connect to politics? They justified social hierarchies, portraying Tutsi as superior and natural rulers.
How did Hutu and Tutsi become political identities? Colonial rule racialized them, classifying Tutsi as privileged "Hamites" and Hutu as indigenous.
What does Nyanbingi mean and signify? "One who possesses great riches," it was a resistance cult uniting groups against colonial and Tutsi domination.
What is ethnic difference? Social distinctions based on culture, which are fluid and not inherently unequal.
What is racial difference? Biological classifications linked to superiority, institutionalized in colonial Rwanda.
What are the First, Second, and Third Hypotheses? - First: Class-based Tutsi (herders) vs. Hutu (farmers). - Second: Tutsi as a superior racial group. - Third: Historical/regional factors shape identities.
What is the First Hamitic Hypothesis? Civilization in Africa came from foreign Hamites, framing Tutsi as natural rulers.
What is the Second Hamitic Hypothesis? Tutsi preserved civilization despite mixing with "inferior" groups, reinforcing superiority.
How was racialization accomplished? Through identity cards, privileges for Tutsi, and colonial ideologies.
Created by: cameroncamp8ell
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