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BJU US Ch 19
The Great War ( 1913-1920)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central Powers | During WWI, these were the powers opposing the Allies. The Central Power countries included Germany, Austro-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey. |
| Allies | It was composed of France, Britain, and Russia, and later Japan and Italy. The Allies fought the Central Powers in World War I. The United States joined the Allies in 1917. |
| William Jennings Bryan | Wilson's Sec. of State, not skilled in foreign affars. |
| Profirio Diaz | He was ruler of Mexico for 34 years, and caused much terror and bloodshed. Many people fled to the U.S. to plan a revolution. Huerta, in 1913, overthrew Diaz as dictator and had him murdered. |
| Victoriano Huerta | Mexico had been exploited for decades by U.S. investors in oil, railroads, and mines, but the Mexican people were tremendously poor, and in 1913, they revolted, and installed this full-blooded Indian General to the presidency. |
| Pancho Villa | He was a combination of a bandit and Mexican Robin Hood who raided Americans and American towns. He was a rival of President Carranza. He escaped Pershing and was never caught because Pershing was forced to go fight in WWI. |
| John J. Pershing | An American general who led troops against Pancho Villa in 1916. |
| Kaiser Wilhelm II | The ruler of Germany during WWI. His dictatorial and militaristic tendencies helped lean America toward the Allies (Britain and France) and against Germany. |
| Lusitania | A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The unrestricted submarine warfare largely caused the U.S. to enter World War I against the Germans. |
| Sussex Pledge | Pledge named after the French ship which the Germans sank and caused the U.S. to roar. Wilson threatened to break diplomatic relations because of this return to unrestricted submarine warfare. |
| Unrestricted submarine warfare | This was the German practice of attacking any and all shipping to countries it was at war with. It annoyed neutral countries. |
| Zimmermann Telegram | 1917-Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. It was intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilized against Germany, which had proven it was hostile. A major factor that led the U.S. into WWI. |
| America enters the War | (April 1917) U.S. declared war on Germany due to the Zimmerman telegram and the attack on the Lusitania. |
| Selective Service Act | 1917 - Stated that all men between the ages of 20 and 45 had to be registered for possible military service. Used in case draft became necessary. |
| Food Administration | created to feed wartime America and its allies. Hoover, a Quaker humanitarian, was chosen as the leader. This was the most successful of the wartime administrations. |
| Herbert Hoover | Set up the Food Administration, gained nation attention for organizing methods of savigne and producing food. “Meatless Mondays”& “Wheatless Wednesdays”, “Liberty Gardens” |
| doughboy | The nickname given to regular soldiers in World War I. They were part of the American Legion that was lobbying for veteran's benefits. They wanted to receive their "dough" to make up for the wages that they lost when they joined the military. |
| Espionage and Sedition Acts | Brought forth under the Wilson administration, they stated that any treacherous act or draft dodging was forbidden, outlawed disgracing the government, the Constitution, or military uniforms, and forbade aiding the enemy. |
| Schenk v. United States | A case that Congress could limit free speech, particularly during wartime, if such speech presented “a clear and present danger” to nation interests. |
| Fourteen Points | introduced by Wilson in 1918. It was Wilson's peace plan. Each of the points were designed to prevent future wars. Each one was appealing to a specific group in the war and each one held a specific purpose. |
| League of Nations | 1919,after war, Wilson's 14th point of peace plan. He envisioned it as an Assembly with all nations & sp. council for great powers. US voted not to join the League because in doing so, took away our self-determination&Congress couldn't decide war or not. |
| Chateau-Thierry & Belleau Wood | Americans halted Germans. A month later was turns in favor of Allies. |
| Argonne offensive | most costly military campaigns in American history. It was one of the longest lasting battles, 47 days, in World War I. |
| Armistice Day | WWI ends- November 11. 1918 |
| Big Four | This refers to the four countries that were allied together in WWI. The countries were the U.S.: President Wilson, England represented by David Lloyd George, France represented by Georges Clemenceau, and Italy represented by Vittorio Orlando. |
| Treaty of Versailles | was created to solve problems made by WWI. Germany was forced to accept the treaty. It was composed of only 4 points of 14pts. The treaty punished Germany and did nothing to stop the threat of future wars. It maintained the pre-war power structure. |
| "war guilt" Clause | passed to do two things, (1) it formally placed blame on Germany, a proud and embarrassed people, and (2) it charged Germany for the costs of war, $33 billion. |
| Reparation Payments | France demanded huge amount of money from Germany to cover the entire cost of the war not just war damages. |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | an outspoken senator from Massachusetts. He led a group of Republicans against the League of Nations. He proposed amendments to the League Covenant but Wilson would not accept them. The U.S. did not join the League or ratify the treaty. |
Created by:
wendyk44
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