Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
USII - Unit 3
Industrialization
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Edwin L. Drake | American petroleum industry pioneer; he drilled the first commercial oil well in the United States, drawing oil prospectors to the West |
| Bessemer Process | a cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850. |
| Thomas Alva Edison | American inventor of over 1,000 patents; he invented the light bulb and established a power plant that supplied electricity to parts of New York City |
| Lewis H. Latimer | African American inventor; he invented the carbon filament and played a key role in helping Thomas Edison develop a long-lasting incandescent light bulb |
| Christopher Sholes | American inventor and newspaper editor; he invented the typewriter in 1867, which changed the world of work |
| Alexander Graham Bell | American inventor and educator; his interest in electrical and mechanical devices to aid the hearing-impaired led to the development and patent of the telephone |
| George M. Pullman | American industrialist and owner of the Pullman Palace Car Company; he invented the railroad sleeping car and started a factory to build them. Near the factory, he planned and built the town of Pullman, Illinois, to house his workers. |
| Transcontinental Railroad | a railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States, completed in 1869. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | American business leader who controlled the New York Central Railroad and up to 4,500 miles of railroad track; he later donated $1 million to a Tennessee university |
| Credit Mobilier | a construction company formed in 1864 by owners of the Union Pacific Railroad, who used it to fraudulently skim off railroad profits for themselves. |
| Munn V. Illinois | an 1877 case in which the Supreme Court upheld states’ regulation of railroads for the benefit of farmers and consumers, thus establishing the right of government to regulate private industry to serve the public interest. |
| Interstate Commerce Act | a law, enacted in 1887, that reestablished the federal government’s right to supervise railroad activities and created a five-member Interstate Commerce Commission to do so. |
| Andrew Carnegie | American industrialist and humanitarian; he focused his attention on steelmaking and made a fortune through his vertical integration method. |
| Laissez-Faire | in French, meaning “to let do”; a form of capitalism that allows companies to conduct business without intervention by the government. |
| Social Darwinism | an economic and social philosophy—supposedly based on the biologist Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection—holding that a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest. |
| Vertical Integration | a company’s taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over the quality and cost of its product. |
| Horizontal Integration | the merging of companies that make similar products. |
| J.P. Morgan | American banker; he made a fortune taking over and merging businesses built by others, building a reputation for turning around mismanaged companies and making them more efficient |
| John D. Rockefeller | American industrialist and philanthropist; he made a fortune in the oil business and used vertical and horizontal integration to establish a monopoly on the oil business. |
| Trust | a business organization in which competing companies are under the control of a single group of trustees. |
| Monopoly | having complete control in the marketplace, without any outside competition. |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | a law, enacted in 1890, that was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade. |
| Samuel Gompers | American labor leader; he helped found the American Federation of Labor to campaign for workers’ rights |
| Collective Bargaining | negotiation between employers and an organized group of employees on conditions of employment, such as wages or hours. |
| American Federation of Labor | an alliance of trade and craft unions, formed in 1886. |
| Eugene V. Debs | Leader of the American Railway Union and supporter of the Pullman strike; he was the Socialist Party candidate for president five times. |
| Industrial Workers of the World | a labor organization for unskilled workers, formed by a group of radical unionists and socialists in 1905. |
| Mary Harris Jones | Irish-American labor organizer; she helped organize coal miners in the Great Strike of 1877 and led a march of injured child workers to expose the cruelties of child labor. |
Created by:
baldtayl
Popular U.S. History sets