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World religions
Christianity, Judaism, and Islam vocabulary words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hadith | a narrative record of the sayings or customs of Muhammad and his companions |
| imam | the prayer leader of a mosque |
| Ka'ba | a small stone building in the court of the Great Mosque at Mecca that contains a sacred black stone and is the goal of Islamic pilgrimage and the point toward which Muslims turn in praying |
| People of the Book | people who worship the "One True God": the God of the Christian, Muslim, and Jewish. |
| Ramadan | the ninth month of the Islamic year observed as sacred with fasting practiced daily from dawn to sunset |
| Caliph | a successor of Muhammad as temporal and spiritual head of Islam |
| Five Pillars of Faith (know and be able to explain each of the Pillars) | The Five Pillars are the core beliefs and practices of Islam: Profession of Faith. The belief that "There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God" is central to Islam. ... Prayer Alms Fasting Pilgrimage |
| Islam | the religious faith of Muslims including belief in Allah as the sole deity and in Muhammad as his prophet |
| Jihad | a holy war waged on behalf of Islam as a religious duty also : a personal struggle in devotion to Islam especially involving spiritual discipline |
| Makkah | Mecca, in a desert valley in western Saudi Arabia, is Islam’s holiest city, as it’s the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and the faith itself. Only Muslims are allowed in the city, with millions arriving for the annual Hajj (pilgrimage). |
| Muhammad | Arab prophet and founder of Islam |
| Muslim | an adherent of Islam |
| Qur’an | the book composed of sacred writings accepted by Muslims as revelations made to Muḥammad by Allah through the angel Gabriel |
| Shari’ah | Islamic law based on the Quran |
| Sunnah | the body of Islamic custom and practice based on Muhammad's words and deeds |
| Trade Routes | one of the sea-lanes ordinarily used by merchant ships |
| Judaism | a religion developed among the ancient Hebrews and characterized by belief in one transcendent God who has revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets and by a religious life in accordance with Scriptures and rabbinic traditions |
| Monotheism | the doctrine or belief that there is but one God |
| Polytheism | belief in or worship of more than one god |
| Hebrews | a theological treatise addressed to early Christians and included as a book in the New Testament |
| Torah | the body of wisdom and law contained in Jewish Scripture and other sacred literature and oral tradition the five books of Moses constituting the Pentateuch |
| Abraham | an Old Testament patriarch regarded by Jews as the founder of the Hebrew people through his son Isaac and by Muslims as the founder of the Arab peoples through his son Ishmael |
| Moses | a Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites out of Egyptian slavery and at Mt. Sinai delivered the Law establishing God's covenant with them |
| David | a Hebrew shepherd who became the second king of Israel in succession to Saul according to biblical accounts |
| Solomon | a son of David and 10th century b.c. king of Israel proverbial for his wisdom |
| Ten Commandments | the ethical commandments of God given according to biblical accounts to Moses by voice and by writing on stone tablets on Mount Sinai |
| Covenant | a usually formal, solemn, and binding agreement |
| Prophet | one who utters divinely inspired revelations: such as often capitalized : the writer of one of the prophetic books of the Bible capitalized : one regarded by a group of followers as the final authoritative revealer of God's will |
| Sabbath | the seventh day of the week observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening as a day of rest and worship by Jews and some Christians |
| Diaspora | the area outside ancient Palestine settled by Jews |
| Talmud | the authoritative body of Jewish tradition comprising the Mishnah and Gemara |
| Gentile | a person of a non-Jewish nation or of non-Jewish faith especially : a Christian as distinguished from a Jew |
| Rabbi | a Jew trained and ordained for professional religious leadership specifically : the official leader of a Jewish congregation |
| Synagogues | the house of worship and communal center of a Jewish congregation |
| Christianity | the religion derived from Jesus Christ, based on the Bible as sacred scripture, and professed by Eastern, Roman Catholic, and Protestant bodies |
| Jesus Christ | the Jewish religious teacher whose life, death, and resurrection as reported by the Evangelists are the basis of the Christian message of salvation |
| Gospels | the message concerning Christ, the kingdom of God, and salvation |
| Messiah | the expected king and deliverer of the Jews (aka Jesus) |
| Baptized | to purify or cleanse spiritually especially by a purging experience or ordeal |
| Disciples | one of the twelve in the inner circle of Christ's followers according to the Gospel accounts |
| Parables | a usually short fictitious story that illustrates a moral attitude or a religious principle |
| Crucifixion | extreme and painful punishment, affliction, or suffering (Jesus went through this) |
| Resurrection | the rising of Christ from the dead |
| Saul/Paul | Saul converted to Christianity and was henceforth known as Paul. He used to be a king |
| Missionary | a person undertaking a mission and especially a religious mission |
| Roman Empire | the empire of ancient Rome that began with the imperial rule of Augustus in 27 b.c. and included to its greatest extent (circa 117 a.d.) all of southern Europe, Britain, northern Africa, Egypt, Asia Minor, the northern coast of the Black Sea, and more |
| Constantine the Great | Constantine I, also known as Constantine the Great, was a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. |
| Theodosius the Great | Theodosius I, also known as Theodosius the Great, was a Roman emperor from 379 to 395. He won two civil wars, and was instrumental in establishing the Nicene Creed as the orthodox doctrine for Nicene Christianity. He legalized Christianity. |
| Bible | the sacred scriptures of Christians comprising the Old Testament and the New Testament |
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