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Physics
Geometrical Optics
| Question | Answer | Answer pt.2 |
|---|---|---|
| What is the law of reflection? | It states that the angle an incident light ray makes w/a surface is equal to the angle that the reflected light ray makes w/ the surface | |
| What is the index of refraction? | It is the ratio of the speed c of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum to speed of that wave in a given medium | |
| What can be said about the velocity of an electromagnetic wave in a medium other than a vacuum? | -It means that the velocity can never be > the speed of light -Which means the refraction index will never be < 1 | |
| What is the relationship between wavelength & index of refraction? | Shorter wavelength = greater index of refraction | |
| What is governed by snell's law? | The relationship between the index of refraction of each medium, the angle of incidence, & the angle og refraction | |
| What happens when n2 > n1 & n2< n1? | When n2 > n1 = light ray BENDS TOWARDS the normal When n2 < n1 = light ray BENDS AWAY from the normal | |
| Define critical angle | It is when the refracted light ray keeps bending away from the normal as the incident angle increases, it would eventually reach a refracted angle that is 90 degrees away from the normal | |
| Define total internal reflection | It is when the angle of refraction is 90 degrees or greater. The total light is reflected back into the original material & no light enters the new material | |
| Define dispersion | It is the spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelengths (red-violet) | |
| What is the order of the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from high wavelength/low frequency to low wavelength/high frequency? | Red (750 nm), orange, yellow, green, blue, violet (400 nm) -Shorter wavelength correlates to greater bending | |
| For optics magnification, what is the conventions & what will the images look like? | M<0 = inverted image M>0 = upright image |M| > 1 = enlarged image |M| = 1 = same size image |M| < 1 = reduced image | |
| How can you tell what kind of optics are occurring in the thin lens equation? | -If focal length (f) is + = converging lens or mirror if - = diverging lens or mirror -If object distance (s, p, or o) is + = object is left of lens if - = object is right of lens -If image distance (s', q, or i) is + = real images if - = virtual images | |
| What are the different types of mirrors? | -Plane: is flat & resembles the one on your bathroom wall -Concave (converging): its reflecting surface on the inside if a curve -Convex (diverging): its reflecting surface is on the outside of a curve | |
| How do images show up on the different mirror types? | -Plane: always upright, virtual, & same size -Convex (diverging): always upright, virtual, & smaller -Concave (converging); image can vary depending on object & focal length | |
| What can be said about an object beyond the R of a converging mirror? | -The image will be real, inverted, & smaller - O>R>I>f -R= 2f (EX: f= 15cm therefore R= 30cm; image will form between 15 & 30 cm) | |
| What can be said about an object at the R of a converging mirror? | -The image will be real, inverted, & same size - O=R & I=R -Image forms at R | |
| What can be said about an object inside of the R, but beyond the f of a converging mirror? | -The image will be real, inverted, & larger -R>O>f -Image forms outside of the R (to the left of it) | |
| What can be said about an object at the f of a converging mirror? | -No image is formed - O = f & I = ∞ | |
| What can be said about an objet inside of the f of a converging mirror? | -The image will be upright, virtual, & larger - O < f | |
| Define lenses | It is a optical device w/ two curved non parallel refracting surfaces | |
| What are converging lenses? | -They are convex lenses w/smooth surfaces that allow parallel light rays to bend toward an axis that passes through the center pf the lens & to converge @ the focal point f | -Focal length is always + b/c light can enter the lens from both its right & left sides, the lens has two focal points |
| What are diverging lenses? | -They are concave lens that allow parallel light rays to move apart as they pass through the lens -Focal point is always - b/c the diverging light rays appear to leave a single focal point from the side of the lens that light enters -Has two focal point | |
| What is a property of real images? | Real images can only be upon a screen, photographic negative, or retina | |
| What is a way to remember the info for diverging systems? | In the system the image will be Smaller than the object, Upright, & Virtual S U V | |
| An image form diverging system will always what? | The image will always be placed less than the placement of the focal point EX: f= 10 cm therefore I = 7 cm | |
| What are some eye issues that corrective eyewear can fix? | -Myopia: nearsightedness caused by excessive curvature of the lens -Hyperopia: farsightedness associated w/ issues w/ the size of the eye itself | -Presbyopia: a degenerative condition caused by the lens losing fluidity & thus its ability to reshape as an object gets closer to the eye |
| What is the basic function of the eye? | It is to have light pass from outside through a converging system that focuses light on the retina. Once there, the cones & rids absorb the light & send electrical impulses to the brain for image precessing | |
| What is a basic rule for multiple lens systems? | It's that the image of the first optical device is the object of the second optical device & so on | |
| What is spherical aberrations? | -It develops when a misshapen lens still has cylindrical symmetry w/respect to the optical axis, but has not been properly rounded | -Image is clear when viewed through the center of the lens, but it becomes distorted as one moves the image off of the optical axis |
| What is astigmatic aberrations? | It appears in a lens whose shape is neither properly rounded nor cylindrically symmetric. In this case, the image becomes blurred & distorted, regardless of objects orientation | |
| What is chromatic aberrations? | It occurs because of differences in wavelengths for different colors of light | |
| The angle of incidence always equals what? | The angle of reflection | |
| In a nearsighted individual, the image of a distant object is focused where? | In front of the retina, requiring diverging lens correction | |
| In a farsighted individual, the image of a distant object is focused where? | Behind the retina, requiring converging lens correction |
Created by:
Gabbgabb04
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