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General Chemistry
Atomic Theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the A & Z number tell you? | A- number = combined # of neutrons & protons Z- number = # of protons |
| What are the experiments that define features of matter? | - Thomas experiment: used to determine the sign of charges - Millikan oil drop experiment: used to determine the magnitude of charge -Rutherford experiment: used to determine the location of dense particles |
| Define paramagnetic species | - It is an atom or molecule that contains @ least one unpaired electron -Called radical in ochem |
| Define diamagnetic species | - It is an atom or molecule that contains NO unpaired electrons - Every electron that is spun up will have a spin down electron sharing its orbitals |
| What is Aufbau's principle? | Electrons are added one-by-one to shells, starting w/ the lowest energy level, & then into sequentially ↑ energy shell |
| What is Hund's rule? | Electrons completely fill lower energy levels before starting to fill higher energy levels |
| What is the Pauli's exclusion principle? | No two electrons can have the same set of quantum #'s (n,l,mi,ms) |
| What are the quantum numbers and what their rules? | -Principle (n): describes shell; n>0 always -Angular momentum (l): describes orbital; l < n always; l ≥ 0 -Magnetic (ml): describes orientation of orbitals; ml =± l (including 0) -Spin (ms): describes the rotation; ms = ±1/2 always |
| What is the quantum numbers for a 3px-spin up electron? | - 3 represent the shell (n=3) - p represents the orbital (l=1) -x represents the orientation (ml= -1) -spin up represents the spin, up = + (ms = + 1/2) |
| What are the magnetic quantum numbers for each orientation in the d orbitals? | -dxy: ml = -2 -dxz: ml - -1 -dyz: ml = 0 -dx^2-y^2: ml = +1 -dz^: ml = +2 |
| Define absorption (excitation) | The gain of energy by an element or molecule, resulting in the excitation of an electron from a lower energy state (often ground state) to a higher energy state (an excited state) |
| Define emission (relaxation) | It is the loss of energy by an element or molecule, resulting in the relaxation of an electron from a higher energy state (which must be an excited state) to a lower energy state (which can be a ground state or a lower energy excited state) |
| What are the possible hybridization, geometry, & bond angles? | sp= linear= 180 sp^2=trigonal planar= 120 sp^3=tetrahedral= 109.5 dsp^3= trigonal bipyrammidal= 90,120, & 180 d^2sp^3=octahedral= 90 |
| What are examples of ionizing radiation? | X-rays and gamma rays |
| What are examples of non-ionizing radiation? | Visible light, radio waves, and microwaves |
Created by:
Gabbgabb04
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