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Westward Expansion
Post Civil War Westward Expansion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Homestead Act of 1862 | a law that gave citizens and intended citizens up to 160 acres of public land in exchange for a small fee and the agreement to live on and improve the land |
| Dawes Act of 1887 | a law that allowed the federal government to break up Native American reservation lands into individual plots |
| sod house | a house built of strips of sod, laid like brickwork, and used especially by settlers on the Great Plains, when timber was scarce |
| dry farming | technique that involves growing crops without irrigation in areas with limited rainfall |
| The Pony Express | delivery system in the United States that used relays of horseback riders to rapidly transport mail between St. Joseph, Missouri and Sacramento, California |
| Exoduster | an African American who migrated from the South to the Great Plains in the late 19th century |
| Buffalo Soldier | African American soldiers who mainly served on the Western frontier following the American Civil War |
| reservation | a designated area of land set aside by the United States government through treaties or other agreements, where a federally recognized Native American tribe is allowed to live and govern themselves |
| assimilate | the process by which a minority group adopts the customs, values, and behaviors of the dominant culture |
| Sitting Bull | a Teton Dakota Native American chief who united the Sioux tribes of the American Great Plains against the white settlers |
| The Battle of Little Bighorn | where a combined force of Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes decisively defeated the U.S. Army's 7th Cavalry Regiment |
| Chief Joseph | a prominent Native American leader of the Nez Perce tribe, most recognized for leading his people on a desperate attempt to flee to Canada in 1877 |
| Geronimo | a prominent Chiricahua Apache leader, known for his fierce resistance against both Mexican and American forces who attempted to remove his people from their tribal lands in the American Southwest |
| Transcontinental Railroad | The first railroad to connect the East and West coasts of the United States, completed in 1869, making travel and shipping much faster. |
| Massacre at Wounded Knee | The last major conflict between the U.S. Army and Native Americans, where hundreds of Lakota Sioux were killed. |
| barbed wire | A cheap and strong fencing material invented in the 1870s that ended the open range and cattle drives by closing off farmland. |
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that the United States was destined to expand across North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. |
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