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Ancient Mesopotamia

Vocabulary

TermDefinition
fertile Crescent a large arc of rich farmland extending from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea
silt a mix of rich soil and small rocks
civilization an organized group of people (society) that live in an area and work to improve their way of life
irrigation a way of supplying water to an area of land
canals human-made waterways
surplus more of something than needed
division of labor an arrangement in which people specialize in specific tasks .
rural having to do with the countryside
urban having to do with the city
city- state a political unit consisting of a city and the surrounding countryside
Gilgamesh A Uruk King who became a legend in Sumerian literature
empire land with different territories and peoples under a single rule
polytheism the worship of many gods
priests people who performed religious ceremonies
social hierarchy a division of society by rank or class
cuneiform world's first system of writing
pictographs picture symbols
scribe writer and record keeper
epics long poems that tell the stories of heroes
architecture the science of building
ziggurat a pyramid-shaped temple tower
monarch a ruler of a kingdom or empire
Hammurabi's Code the earliest known written collection of laws, comprising 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life
chariot a wheeled, horse-drawn battle cart
alphabet a set of letters than can be combined to form written words
cavalry a unit of soldiers mounted on horses
Persian Wars a series of wars between Persia and Greece beginning in 490 BC
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