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Ch 4 Test
Chapter 4 test flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| bicameral legislature | a lawmaking body made up of two houses or groups |
| house of burgesses | colonial assembly house where members are elected by the colonists in Virginia |
| Town meeting | a regularly held meeting for the purpose of taking care of all gov't business for the upcoming year |
| John Peter Zenger | arrested for publishing a story that was critical of the royal gov't of New York |
| libel | must be untrue |
| mercantilism | the practice of creating and maintaining wealth by carefully controlling trade |
| Under the theory of mercantilism, colonies existed in order to: | serve the economic needs of the parent country |
| balance of trade | a country has fewer imports than exports |
| imports | goods brought in from other countries |
| exports | goods sold to other countries |
| Navigation Acts | required to trade with England and set duties or taxes on imports |
| Why were the Navigation Acts not in favor of the colonists? | They favored English merchants, shipments from Europe to colonies had to stop in England first, colonists could only sell key products only to England, smuggling, trade regulations hurt consumers , free enterprise provides opportunity |
| free enterprise | economic competition with little gov't control |
| triangular trade | trading networks in which goods and slaves moved among England, the colonies, and West Africa |
| Middle passage | voyage that brought enslaved africans to North America and the West Indies |
| cash crops | crops that are sold for profit (tobacco, rice, and indigo) |
| slave codes | laws used to control slaves |
| apprentice | young boys who learned skilled trades |
| staple crops | crops that are always in demand (wheat, barley, oats) |
| Jonathan Edwards | delivered dramatic sermons urging sinners to seek forgiveness for their sins or face punishment in hell forever |
| Who preached "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God?" | Jonathan Edwards |
| revivals | emotional gatherings where people came together to hear sermons and declare their faith |
| The Enlightenment | movement that emphasized using reason and logic to study human nature |
| natural rights | rights that belong to every human being from birth |
| Scientific revolution | new ideas about the basic laws that governed nature and the universe |
| scientific method | requires scientists to carefully study natural events |
| David Rittenhouse | constructed the first telescope to be made in America to observe the transit of Venus in 1769. He also constructed orreries, or mechanical planetariums. |
| Benjamin Banneker | known as America's first African American man of science, he wrote and published an almanac. Banneker was appointed by George Washington to be a part of a three man planning team to survey the future district of Columbia. |
| Benjamin Franklin | elder statesman of the Revolution and oldest signer of both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. Franklin won international renown as a print publisher, author, philosopher, scientist, inventor, and philanthropist. |
| What was a gunters chain? | The name for the unit of measure of 66 feet. Eighty of these chains were equal to one mile. |
| What rights did people have under an absolute monarch? | Any rights people had under an absolute monarch were given to them by the monarch. |
| Who introduced indigo to the colonies? | Eliza Lucas Pinckney |
| What was the main issue of the Zenger case? | The cause of liberty and the importance of freedom of speech |
| How did Aloudah Equiano gain his freedom? | He saved up enough money to purchase it in 1766. |
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angelinastohrer
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