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History
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mughal Empire | Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries |
| Martin Luther | Leader of the Protestant Reformation, who began a movement that split the Roman Catholic Church, forming several new Christian denominations |
| Devshirme | System by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries |
| Janissary | Elite military units utilized by the Ottomans |
| Divine right | Idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God |
| Absolutism | Government in which the monarch has almost complete power |
| Counter/Catholic Reformation | Reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation |
| Taj Mahal | Mausoleum (tomb) at Agra (India) built by the Mughal emperor; illustrates syncretic blend between Indian and Arabic architectural styles |
| Tax farming | Ottoman tax-collection system used to generate money for territorial expansion / government hires private individuals to go out and collect taxes for them |
| Protestant Reformation | Movement begun by Martin Luther that split the Roman Catholic Church, forming several new Christian denominations |
| 95 Theses | Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic Church |
| Safavids | Shia Muslim dynasty that ruled in Persia (Iran and parts of Iraq), with a mixed culture of Persians, Ottomans, and Arabs |
| Zamindars | Decentralized lords who collected tribute for the Mughal emperor |
| Jesuits | Teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism; often sent to China, Japan, and around the world to gain Catholic converts |
| Indulgence | Pardon given by the Roman Catholic Church in return for repentance for sins |
| Simony | Buying and selling of church offices |
| Inquisition | Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting non-Catholics |
| Thirty Years War | War within the Holy Roman Empire between Protestants and their allies (Sweden, Denmark, France) and the emperor and his ally, Spain, who supported Roman Catholicism |
| John Calvin | Influential religious leader of the Protestant Reformation; believed in predestination |
| Sikhism | Monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century; combined elements of Hinduism and Islam |
| shia Islam | Sect of Islam practiced primarily in Persia |
| Sunni Islam | Sect of Islam that believes successors of Muhammad should come from the Muslim community rather than Muhammad's bloodline |
| English Bill of Rights | Document that limited the power of the monarch |
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