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US II - Unit 2
Westward Expansion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Great Plains | the vast grassland that extends through the central portion of North America, from Texas northward to Canada, east of the Rocky Mountains. |
| Treaty of Fort Laramie | the treaty requiring the Sioux to live on a reservation along the Missouri River. |
| Sitting Bull | Native American leader who became head chief of the entire Sioux nation. He encouraged other Sioux leaders to resist government demands to buy lands on the Black Hills reservations. |
| George A. Custer | American army officer in the Civil War; after the war he was dispatched to the West to fight against Native Americans and was killed with his troops in the Battle of the Little Bighorn. |
| Assimilation | a minority group’s adoption of the beliefs and way of life of the dominant culture. |
| Dawes Act | a law, enacted in 1887, that was intended to “Americanize” Native Americans by distributing reservation land to individual owners. |
| Battle of Wounded Knee | the massacre by U.S.soldiers of 300 unarmed Native Americans at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota, in 1890. |
| Comstock Lode | Nevada gold and silver mine discovered by Henry Comstock in 1859. |
| Placer Mining | searching for gold by using pans or other devices to wash gold nuggets out of loose rock |
| Hydraulic Mining | method of mining that uses water under high pressure to blast away gravel and dirt to expose the mineral underneath |
| Hard-Rock Mining | mining that requires cutting deep shafts in solid rock to extract the ore. |
| Longhorn | a breed of sturdy, long-horned cattle brought by the Spanish to Mexico and suited to the dry conditions of the Southwest. |
| Chisholm Trail | the major cattle route from San Antonio, Texas, through Oklahoma to Kansas. |
| Long Drive | the moving of cattle over trails to a shipping center. |
| Homestead Act | a U.S. law enacted in 1862 that provided 160 acres in the West to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of household and would cultivate the land for five years |
| Exoduster | an African American who migrated from the South to Kansas in the post-Reconstruction years. |
| Soddy | a home built of blocks of turf. |
| Morrill Acts | laws enacted in 1862 and 1890 to help create agricultural colleges by giving federal land to states. |
| Bonanza Farm | an enormous farm on which a single crop is grown. |
| Oliver Hudson Kelley | American government agent who founded the Patrons of Husbandry, or Grange, in 1867. |
| Grange | the Patrons of Husbandry—a social and educational organization through which farmers attempted to combat the power of the railroads in the late 19th century. |
| Farmers' Alliances | groups of farmers, or those in sympathy with farming issues, who sent lecturers from town to town to educate people about agricultural and rural issues. |
| Populism | a late-19th-century political movement demanding that people have a greater voice in government and seeking to advance the interests of farmers and laborers. |
| Gold Standard | a monetary system in which the basic unit of currency is defined in terms of a set amount of gold. |
| Bimetallism | the use of both gold and silver as a basis for a national monetary system. |
| William McKinley | Twenty-fifth president of the United States; he enacted protective tariffs in the McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 and acquired Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines during his administration. He was later assassinated. |
| William Jennings Bryan | American lawyer and Populist politician, he favored the free coinage of silver, an economic policy expected to help farmers. He was a Democratic candidate for president in 1896. He later led the prosecution in the Scopes Trial. |
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