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Pressure Groups
Politics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Political Party | - seek political power in elections - usually have a wide range of policies |
| Pressure Group | - seek to influence policy through a variety of means - have a narrow policy remit (many are single issue) |
| Sectional/Interest Groups | - represent specific sections of society - self interested (usually economically) - promote member's interests |
| Examples of Sectional/Interest Groups | - Trade Unions (e.g British Medical Association & National Farmers Union) |
| Cause/Promotional Groups | - seek to promote a cause (rather than member's interests) - claim to serve the whole community - usually no economic self interest |
| Examples of Cause/Promotional Groups | - Charities (e.g Oxfam - famine, Shelter - homelessness, Electoral Reform Society) |
| Social Movements | - similar to cause/promotional groups, however structured more loosely - usually politically radical and seek a single objective |
| Example of Social Movements | - Climate Action Groups (e.g Anti-Expansion of LHR) - Black Lives Matter (2020) |
| Dual Function Groups | - usually provide a service for members - campaign on wider questions |
| Example of Dual Function Groups | - campaign and provide a service (e.g RAC/AA and Cancer Research) |
| Insider Groups | - operate within the political system - rely on contacts with ministers and civil servants - tend to have views aligning with government |
| Examples of Insider Groups | - e.g National Farmers Union (valued by Defra) - e.g Confederation of British Industry (provide economic opinion from industrial leaders) |
| Outsider Groups | - not consulted by government - aims may be contrary/unacceptable to government aims - may wish to maintain independence from governments - seek to influence by mobilising public opinion |
| Examples of Outsider Groups | - e.g Occupy (anti-capitalist) - e.g Greenpeace and ALF (environmental campaigning) |
| Changing Status | - status of pressure groups isn't fixed and changes regularly - depends on political circumstances |
| Examples of Groups with Changing Status | - e.g Trade Unions - from 1945-1979 routinely consulted on economic policy (insiders) - from 1979-1997 excluded by Thatcher Govt (outsiders) - from 1997-2010 consulted by Labour Govt (insiders) |
Created by:
19thomps
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